AboutMojtaba Parsa Expertise As you may know, Persian culture is one of the most ancient cultures in the world. This enormous volume of antiquity has always been affected by different cultures through the passage of history: National beliefs, language, religion, borders, etc. I can answer you about Persian culture before and after Islam - which is known as a milestone in Iranian history, and also about the various languages spoken by Iranians, and give you translations in today's Iran's official language, Farsi (Persian).
Podemos compartir los textos de español y persa y traducirlos para otra cada, también.
Mojtaba
Experience I am an Iranian and have studied general history about Iran. I am absolutely familiar with the culture and language of my own country.
Education/Credentials My education is strengthened about civil engineering.
What do you write when you add an ezafe (in this case "نقش نمای اضافه") to the name عيسی? Some of my texts add nothing to the word, but others write عيسای. So, for example, we find both عيسی مسيح and عيسای مسيح. (At least that's my understanding.)
By the way, how do you pronounce "نقش نمای اضافه" – is the only ezafe the written one after نما? How would you translate the term "نقش نمای اضافه" (fairly literally in order to show me how the language works here)? I don't understand it at all as I thought نقش had to do with painting.
Since "نقش نمای اضافه" is used to connect two nouns, could this word "نما" have any connection with “نام”? I notice that in some words you can have either long or short A, e.g. ماه - مه. Of course, this still doesn't explain the final alef.
What other kinds of ezafe do you have names for? Do you have a special name for the noun-adjective variety, for example?
All the best, and many thanks,
Simon
Answer Hi Simon,
First of all, I think I haven't been able to exactly define what an ezafe is. The "e" after nouns is called "ezafe" or "naghsh nomaye ezafe" ONLY when making a noun-noun variety (ترکیب اضافی) and "ezafe" or "naghsh nomaye ezafe" means exactly "of" in English in a variety like "the nose of the dog". The "e" after a noun and right before an adjective is NOT called "ezafe" or "naghsh nomaye ezafe". You'd better say "kasre" in stead of "ezafe" because it generally doesn't make sense.
Any attachment to the words ending in "ی" with pronunciation of "/a/" (like عیسی, مجتبی, کبری, موسی, etc.), replaces the shape "ی" with "ا" without any pronunciation change. For example, the word "economics" means "اقتصاد". Then for "economical" we say اقتصاد + ی = اقتصادی. This "ی" with pronunciation of "/i/" is called "یای نسبت". If you want to make such a thing regarding to موسی, you can either say موسی + ی = موسائی which is the same as موسایی, or you can say موسوی. You see that موسی before being added with یای نسبت has changed to موسا. Please note that also "ی" has also changed to "یی". It's for conducting the reader to pronounce ی like /i/, not /ye/. Everything is the same when adding a "kasre" on موسی. So, if you want to write: موسی + kasre, it would be like موسای. The ی omitted from موسی had had the pronunciation /a/ and the new ا instead of that, is pronounced exactly the same: /a/. By now we have a موسا instead of a موسی. This new موسا is like a صدا. So if you want to say: The sound of the sea, you write صدای دریا. Here, to موسی you do the same thing. So you add a ی, this time with pronunciaion of /ye/.
For the example you gave, عیسی مسیح is not pronounced "isa ye masih". It is pronounced like "isa masih" exactly as written. To write "isa ye masih", you should write عیسای مسیح. Of course this phrase is not used. Commonly it is used like "عیسی مسیح" and pronounced "isä masih".
To translate "نقش نمای اضافه", I have no idea about the exact English nominated phrase pointing out this. But what you said literally and I understand word by word of its translation would be something like: "the adding role indicator". Note that there are a few more "نقش نما"s other than "نقش نمای اضافه". And نقش, here, means role of a word in a sentence.
نما has nothing to do with نام. The word نما is "Present Root" (بن مضارع) of the verb نمودن. There's a formula in Persian to make new words like this: اسم/صفت + بن مضارع that will make a word meaning a noun or an adjective, doing the verb whose Present Root has been used in the combination. For example: مرده شور which means something (someone) which (who) does the act of شستن upon a مرده. Someone who washes out corpses. Or صدا ضبط کن which means something which does the act of ضبط کردن upon the صدا. Sound recorder. نقش نما is another example which means something which does the act of نمودن upon a نقش. Here, نمودن means to show, to indicate.
