About Joshua Cappuccilli Expertise I can answer most questions involving medication use, side effects, adverse effects, interactions and how drugs relate to specific disease states. Noone can answer all questions; I will respond as such if I cannot provide an answer. I will provide resources / references for the information that I use to formulate the answer given.
Experience I am a PharmD with my degree from the University of FLorida - currently I am preparing to take the state boards in Florida.
Organizations California Phamacist Association
American Pharmacy Assocaition
Education/Credentials BA University of South Florida
PharmD University of Florida
Question What steps are involved in sulphadimidine metabolism?
Answer Sulfadimidine is well absorbed orally, and distributed widely to various tissues and fluids. T½ = 1.5-5 hours. The rate and extent of metabolism in the liver depend on individual acetylator status. Up to 85% is excreted in the urine with variable amounts (15-70%) unchanged.
Sulfadimidine is acetylated and hydroxylated in humans. The hydroxylation pathways account for 10-20% of the dose, leaving the acetylation as the major metabolic pathway. The hydroxylation pathways are independent of the acetylator phenotype. The plasma concentration-time curve of sulfadimidine in fast acetylators is biphasic, with half-lives of 1.7 and 5.4 h, whereas that in slow acetylators is monophasic, with a half-life of 7.6 h. Hydroxylation of a methyl group in sulfadimidine lowers the protein binding from 90 to 60%, while acetylation does not affect the protein binding. Methyl hydroxylation markedly increases the renal clearance.
This second quote is absolutely the BEST reference that I was able to find for these three questions.
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and renal excretion of sulfadimidine and its N4-acetyl and hydroxy metabolites in humans.
Vree TB, Hekster YA, Nouws JF, Baakman M.
I could not access a digital copy of this article because it was far too old for the system that I have however, the abstract was very helpfull.
Please also note that the alternate spelling of SULFADIMIDINE instead of SULPHADIMIDINE (as you spelled it) brings a great deal more results - it is in the literature both ways but this spelling seems to be more common.
