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About Steve Nelson
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
I can answer most basic physics questions, physics questions about science fiction and everyday observations of physics, etc. I'm also usually good for science fair advice (I'm the regional science fair director). I do not answer homework problems. I will occasionally point out where a homework solution went wrong, though. I'm usually good at explaining odd observations that seem counterintuitive, energy science, nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics, and alternative theories of physics are my specialties.

Experience
I'm a physics professor, research in nuclear astrophysics. I teach physics, nuclear chemistry, radiation safety, vacuum technology, and answer tons of questions as I tour schools encouraging students to consider careers in science.

Education/Credentials
Ph. D. from Duke University in physics, research in nuclear astrophysics reactions, gamma-ray astronomy technology, and advanced nuclear reactors.

   

You are here:  Experts > Science > Physics > Physics

Questions Answered By Expert  Steve Nelson 
In Category  Physics

SubjectDate Asked

quantum physics11/21/2009
  Q: Something about this theory bugs me. Essentially it is all too complex to be true. The various ...
  A: Quantum mechanics bugs a lot of people, but it works fantastically well and it's stood up to nearly ...
How many times the power would a sprinter have to produce to run ten times as fast?11/21/2009
  Q: I've been wondering about the relation of power to speed, and I'd like it if you could clarify some ...
  A: You are, of course, assuming that air resistance is the main resistance to a runner's motion. At ...
electrostatics11/19/2009
  Q: what is it said that a moving automobile becomes charged ? ANSWER: Do you mean "why is it said" ...
  A: Air won't charge up a vehicle much, though it is another charging (and discharging) mechanism. Air ...
Re:11/19/2009
  Q: First off, I am not in school, I am trying to build a machine utilizing hydraulics to push something ...
  A: The equations all work, actually, because the distance listed accounts for the radius of part B as ...
electrostatics11/18/2009
  Q: what is it said that a moving automobile becomes charged ?
  A: Do you mean "why is it said" rather than "what is it said?" If so, then it's because an object like ...
observations11/12/2009
  Q: I know under the rules of the quantum, that when we observe a particle, we change it, but how do we ...
  A: I'll point you to this: http://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/p08a.htm Based on some pretty ...
building catapults11/11/2009
  Q: I am not sure if you will be able to help me with my problem, if you cant it would be appreciated if ...
  A: I would suggest a combined approach. Use both the lead weight and the rubber band for energy, so ...
water bottle physics11/10/2009
  Q: Is there any physics laws that can be applied to water bottle covers cracking with normal usage? We ...
  A: This really seems more like a manufacturing problem, like you got a bad batch of plastic in those ...
Energy transformation11/10/2009
  Q: I have been teaching about energy transformation and transfer to a primary level class (7-8 year ...
  A: For your first one I'd need a picture, I think. I'm not sure what your toy looks like. For the ...
Water Suction11/8/2009
  Q: I hope I went to the right person for this question.. I have made a gold dredge and I am trying to ...
  A: Is the gravel under water or dry? This is kind of the opposite of an air lift used for salvage ...
Electron's location in any atom11/8/2009
  Q: My question is further to your reply on electron location. The below is your reply to somebody on ...
  A: You cannot simultaneously measure the position and momentum of an electron beyond a certain accuracy ...
magnetism - increasing magnetic flux11/7/2009
  Q: I'm curious as to how and why the magnetic flux increases for a magnet when you place stainless ...
  A: First, stainless steel is generally non-magnetic. Raw iron and ordinary steel are magnetic, but ...
Water Suction11/6/2009
  Q: I hope I went to the right person for this question.. I have made a gold dredge and I am trying to ...
  A: How do you get the air bubbles out? I mean, when you're under water the air has time to escape, but ...
Speed11/5/2009
  Q: How would I calculate the speed if given the % heavier than the true weight as a car goes through a ...
  A: The extra "apparent weight" of the car is due to centripetal acceleration of the car in the bottom ...
Acceleration due to gravity11/5/2009
  Q: How do I find the height above earth where the acceleration due to gravity at a percentage of its ...
  A: You use the basic formula for gravitational acceleration, GM/r^2 where G is the gravitational ...
Electron's location in any atom11/5/2009
  Q: My question is further to your reply on electron location. The below is your reply to somebody on ...
  A: No, these theorems are based on physical experiments with particles. An electron exists in an ...
The Classic Egg Drop11/4/2009
  Q: This year, my Junior Physics teacher wants our class to compete at the Physics Fair in the Egg ...
  A: Well, you could use rubber. It's biodegradeable. You could make a sling of rubber bands and put ...
Question11/3/2009
  Q: Sir, I've read that to locate an electron in a shell or in an atom, we have to pass a light of ...
  A: OK, there's a lot of things wrong here. Some gamma rays can have extremely small wavelengths (far ...
science fair expert talk11/3/2009
  Q: 1.Do you know much about bridge physics. 2.What would you say is the strongest bridge type: ...
  A: Bridges are just statics and strength of materials, but on a very large scale. Strength is as much ...
physics book for highschool student11/2/2009
  Q: I am looking for a book which is suitable for high school student that cover most of high school ...
  A: You might try Walker's book. Any book labeled Physics for Scientists and Engineers will be meant ...
Rate of ascent of weather balloons11/2/2009
  Q: The rate of ascent of a weather balloon is considered to be approximately constant, (although I've ...
  A: The rate of ascent is "approximately" constant. It does eventually slow down and stop. The ...
Calculations and Theory involved for Car Collisions11/2/2009
  Q: I'm not too sure if you may be able to help me, but any input ins very much appreciated. I had just ...
  A: I've gotten these questions before, they rarely turn out with definitive answers. That said, ...
Hello!!10/29/2009
  Q: my name is Jose and i go to a magnet school in the 6th grade. I am currently working on a project ...
  A: Now that we have a question and a test to work with, I can help. The density will be the first ...
nuclear physics10/28/2009
  Q: sir i want to know that when a beta particle is emiited from a nucleus ,an antinutrino is also ...
  A: Actually, we accept as tenets of physics that energy and momentum are conserved. We observe these ...
Hello!!10/27/2009
  Q: my name is Jose and i go to a magnet school in the 6th grade. I am currently working on a project ...
  A: A science fair project is a science project that answers a question. First, to be able to answer ...
hello10/24/2009
  Q: 1-why most people build their summer house near the sea? 2-why Lv "latent heat vaporization" it's ...
  A: Frist one, the evaporating water robs the air of heat. The ocean moderates the heat. The heats are ...
Inverted Pendulum on a moving platform10/23/2009
  Q: I am currently working on the effect of vehicle acceleration on standing passengers. For simplicity, ...
  A: Well, you seem to have all the mass at the end and a pendulum of length L standing nearly vertical ...
electromagnetic induction10/19/2009
  Q: A varying magnetic field is confined to an area smaller than that of a conducting loop surrounding ...
  A: Well, since flux is what matters and flux is field*area you would obviously use the *flux* over the ...
interview questions for science project10/18/2009
  Q: I'm doing a project on how far a Wooden Glider Flies if you change characteristics of the wings.This ...
  A: Some of your questions have answers, some don't. 1) A wooden glider has no thrust. Hence glider. ...
project10/18/2009
  Q: during our last conversation as i told u that i ve been doing a project so i need ed to ask u that ...
  A: Uranium-pigmented glass is already used in many things, however its from naturally occurring (i.e. ...
Spinning concentric spheres10/17/2009
  Q: Imagine a machine that consists of three perfectly balanced concentric spheres. (ie one iside the ...
  A: Sure, there might be some tiny precession of the individual spheres during acceleration, but the ...
Forces10/14/2009
  Q: This isn't a homework question, it is more of a question to generally understand physics and force ...
  A: Forces in general can be thought of as the exchange between two objects of a flux. Flux is kinda ...
physics10/13/2009
  Q: explain when a cup fall from a certain height 'h' then it broke into pieces why?and which type of ...
  A: The forces on the cup exceeded the shattering strength of the material it was made of during impact. ...
Particle physics10/6/2009
  Q: My Question is this:- Is it possible that the Higgs particle and the Graviton are one and the same ...
  A: No, by "particle" they still don't mean something like you envision (a grain of sand or a proton or ...
Unitary Operator10/5/2009
  Q: I have a question. Is it possible to apply a different unitary operator on the each component of a ...
  A: This sounds like a quantum mechanics question, but the way it's phrased I can't tell exactly what ...
energy conservation10/5/2009
  Q: This may or may not be your type of question, but I don't know any other field to submit it to. ...
  A: This depends on a couple factors of the dryer's design, but the basic thermal physics of evaporation ...
Ice10/2/2009
  Q: if i were to put a ice into a bowl of liquid than is constanly below 0 degree celcius and the ice is ...
  A: Technically there's a thermal probability even below freezing that the water molecules will diffuse ...
please help9/30/2009
  Q: ,i was wondering if u could help me with this, i need the general equation of motion. a robot is ...
  A: Well, since I know nothing about its walking motion then no I can't. Or about the magnitude of this ...
Depth and distance perception9/29/2009
  Q: I have read quite a bit about these and am trying to determine what factors would affect these and ...
  A: Motion of a viewer doesn't really affect depth perception of an object which is stationary relative ...
kinetic sculpture9/29/2009
  Q: I am trying to make a wind driven sculpture. This sculpture will have several points of rotation. ...
  A: The principle difference between his design and yours appears to be one of symmetry. His has more ...
Prism9/29/2009
  Q: i know that when white light passes through a prism, it would diffuse into 7 colours, but when it ...
  A: It'll separate, just like light passing through a prism, the bend angle will just be the opposite ...
magnetic strip9/29/2009
  Q: I have a card at school-much like a credit card. i can use it at the school store. The magnetic ...
  A: Heat can de-magnetize materials. Unfortunately, what you have on your card isn't just ...
light9/27/2009
  Q: Is the space really empty(no medium)? Then how a wave(light wave) can travel in that empty space?
  A: Empty space isn't really empty. There are quantum particle/antiparticle pairs popping in and out of ...
Particle Accelerator9/27/2009
  Q: I am attempting to build a traditional particle accelerator using a van de Graff and a Vacuum tube. ...
  A: OK, let's start with some basics. First, particle accelerators require licenses. They're not hard ...
Self Quenching In Geiger-Muller Counter9/26/2009
  Q: Can you please explain the following (the capitalized text)? "The ions of the quenching gas reach ...
  A: A Geiger counter is an avalanche detector, relying on runaway multiplication of electrons. A ...
The Earth9/25/2009
  Q: when we are at the bottom of the earth(South Pole), we are able to stand and not fall off the earth ...
  A: You're assuming that the person in the spaceship has a spaceship whose roof always points North. If ...
Science9/25/2009
  Q: when we take a lift from a higher level to a lower level, am i right to say take when the lift is ...
  A: It would reduce their impact speed, but you can only jump up a couple of feet in the air. This was ...
physics9/23/2009
  Q: why a swimmer diving into a pool of water doesn't get hurt?
  A: The forces on a swimmer diving into a pool of water, because the water moves out of the way, are not ...
Measurement Questions9/23/2009
  Q: Im a 8th grade student and part of our homework is to ask a scientist questions. These are our 5 ...
  A: Well, I don't usually answer homework questions but I'll point you to resources where you can do ...
Pumping with Compressed Air9/23/2009
  Q: I recently asked this question of James Kovalcin. I have a follow up but apparently he is ...
  A: It should work. The only way it wouldn't work at all is if the air on the supply to the controller ...
Physics inside a galvanic cell9/22/2009
  Q: I am puzzled about the physical forces acting on charge carriers inside a simple cell. My ...
  A: In a battery like the Daniel cell or the Gravity Cell (a variant): ...
Pumping with Compressed Air9/22/2009
  Q: I recently asked this question of James Kovalcin. I have a follow up but apparently he is ...
  A: 200 meters of supply line? That will reduce pressure dramatically, depending on flow rate and ...
Pumping with Compressed Air9/21/2009
  Q: I recently asked this question of James Kovalcin. I have a follow up but apparently he is ...
  A: I can't fault his math or his physics, it really should pump that high and only the vertical rate of ...
Quantum theory9/20/2009
  Q: Do you know any websites where I can computer simulations that presented important concepts of the ...
  A: This guy has a whole mess of neat ones: http://www.falstad.com/mathphysics.html This one's for the ...
Physics inside a galvanic cell9/19/2009
  Q: I am puzzled about the physical forces acting on charge carriers inside a simple cell. My ...
  A: Focus on the piece about the salt bridge. A battery needs something to neutralize the ion buildup ...
Irrational values in a real universe.9/18/2009
  Q: Can the physical characteristics (velocity, temperature, mass, etc.) of tangible objects have an ...
  A: Pi isn't irrational, it's transcendental. Meaning it goes on forever without ever repeating its ...
Science fair help9/15/2009
  Q: Hey there! My name is Jenny, and I was wondering if you had any science fair project ideas on ...
  A: OK, for astronomy projects there are a few out there like this: ...
clinker9/15/2009
  Q: I am studying the frequency distribution of size of crystals in a cement clinker. As a clinker is ...
  A: This is definitely outside my regular field of expertise, but I did a quick search anyhow and found ...
Science fair help9/14/2009
  Q: Hey there! My name is Jenny, and I was wondering if you had any science fair project ideas on ...
  A: The problem is that you've picked a very specific area of physics. General relativity is extremely ...
Beer eruption9/14/2009
  Q: Question is related to a screenplay I'm writing. I couldn't find a good explanation on the ...
  A: This is actually a really good question, because I've seen this (my friends used to do this in ...
Science fair help9/13/2009
  Q: Hey there! My name is Jenny, and I was wondering if you had any science fair project ideas on ...
  A: Technically you're stuck, since relativity projects don't currently have practical applications and ...
Magnetism9/10/2009
  Q: Respected sir I am a student of class 12 How do birds navigate using the earths magnetic field ?
  A: This is a little outside my area. It's believed that magnetite deposits in their beaks allow them ...
nuclear physics9/10/2009
  Q: what if depleted uranium is used in braces or any other isotope from nuclear waste could be used in ...
  A: Basic experiment involving nuclear waste? No. It takes special equipment and training to handle ...
quantum9/10/2009
  Q: I previously asked a question relating to a electron or any wave function, inside a box, covering ...
  A: The wavefunction does collapse upon interaction, it's actually still a distributed thing until then. ...
Color effect in B & W program9/9/2009
  Q: I've been wondering about this for the longest time, and was hoping that you'd be able to explain ...
  A: Only when you have grids? And is it particular to your TV? If so then I'd say you're getting a ...
quantum9/9/2009
  Q: I'm reading a book by Paul Davies and need to clear something. I understand teh quantum has its own ...
  A: If I have a Geiger counter, it's fully capable of resolving the decay of a radioactive nucleus like ...
nuclear physics9/8/2009
  Q: what if depleted uranium is used in braces or any other isotope from nuclear waste could be used in ...
  A: First, think of fuel recycling: http://www.nationalcenter.org/NuclearFastReactorsSA1205.pdf The ...
Weird Atom based Sci-fi Query :)9/7/2009
  Q: I’m betting this may be one of the weirder questions you’ll get today. There is, however, method to ...
  A: OK, so your guy wants to commit suicide and dissociate into individual atoms. Relatively easy, ...
quantum9/7/2009
  Q: I'm reading a book by Paul Davies and need to clear something. I understand teh quantum has its own ...
  A: It's not magic. Upon interaction, the wavefunction of a particle collapses to a definite state. It ...
distance9/7/2009
  Q: I want to increase the distance in my spring loaded gun. How do I do that I want a 2 or 3 ounce ...
  A: You'll need to be more specific, I have no idea what your design looks like or what the spring ...
wind-up hybrid vehicle9/6/2009
  Q: How is it impossible to power a vehicle using the idea of torsional springs as in wind-up toys,if ...
  A: Weight and durability. Springs have very low energy densities compared to their sizes. If you make ...
nuclear physics9/5/2009
  Q: what if depleted uranium is used in braces or any other isotope from nuclear waste could be used in ...
  A: Braces? Well, it is incredibly dense material, and I've heard of it used in bullets, aircraft ...
energy in humans9/4/2009
  Q: I attended a recent lecture on the mind. One of the main things that was said is that they can ...
  A: I believe you mean "sort of" and not "sought of," as well as "exists" and not "exits." That said, ...
nuclear physics9/4/2009
  Q: im doing a science project and its research based project and im working on recycling of nuclear ...
  A: Uranium is a heavy metal and therefore not good for you chemically. Depleted uranium is really not ...
physics9/4/2009
  Q: Cats have nine lives Folks claim that “cats have nine lives” because when they are thrown at a ...
  A: Cats generally land on their feet because while angular momentum is conserved they can alter their ...
Time and Energy9/2/2009
  Q: I was thinking about time travel and one thing still puzzles me. Energy can't be created or ...
  A: You'd be relocating it in spacetime, until the point where you sent its original copy back in time. ...
Car crash9/2/2009
  Q: I was driving across a roundabout, a girl in a car was not looking and drove into me. Her offside ...
  A: On the face of it, you'd appear to be right about the sternum and the direction, but I'd need photos ...
few questions9/2/2009
  Q: 1)which of the follwing travels faster in optical fiber, uv lighy, invisible IR ,visible light, or ...
  A: 1) That depends on the dispersion relation in the particular optical fiber, and there are two kinds. ...
astrophysics science fair project idea9/2/2009
  Q: I am in the 8th grade, but I am highly capable of a 12th grade project. I was wondering if you could ...
  A: The vacuum that we can create on Earth is nowhere near as good as the vacuum that gravitation ...
Evanescent Wave Project8/31/2009
  Q: I am a college freshman and am involved with a junior physics program in which we help middle ...
  A: This is pretty specific and a little outside my subfield, but I'll try to help you out. First, a ...
windmills8/31/2009
  Q: I am trying to make a windmill. Please look at my sketch. Can you think of an answer to my two ...
  A: Well there's no material I know of that acts as a one-way valve for air, and no static structure. ...
color8/31/2009
  Q: why dont red, sunburned feet look as red above water than they do underwater?
  A: Well that depends on the water and the background. I always thought sunburned feet looked more red ...
massless particles8/27/2009
  Q: its been brought to my attention that there may exist particles that contain no mass. If so, I have ...
  A: Photons are massless particles. In physics, the word "particle" is used to mean that it is absorbed ...
Classical Physics8/26/2009
  Q: Sir, I have few doubts in using Newton's second law F = ma. Consider the following situation. ...
  A: You won't observe a force that has a proportionality constant equal to the mass, that's what's ...
physics8/26/2009
  Q: How can I design an experiment to measure the center of gravity of doughnut, if I know its center is ...
  A: An actual doughnut or a torus of general material? I guess that doesn't matter, just use the ...
microwave damage to water8/25/2009
  Q: <my health food friends tell me that you should not eat food from the microwave because it destroys ...
  A: No, that's crazy-talk. The microwave doesn't destroy all nutrients and it absolutely will not alter ...
problem in physics8/25/2009
  Q: SIR,THANKS FOR ANSWER THAT THE ROPE'S VELOCITY IS THE COMPONENT OF BLOCK'S VELOCITY.BUT I HAVE ONE ...
  A: No, even if the angle theta that you draw is not 45 degrees you can draw a right triangle. It ...
Classical Physics8/24/2009
  Q: Sir, I have few doubts in using Newton's second law F = ma. Consider the following situation. ...
  A: If there was a force proportional to the acceleration of the charge, then it could not have this ...
theory8/21/2009
  Q: Now you know how gravity and mass effect each other. How they both manipulate the other. And how ...
  A: Only huge densities of light energy could do that, but yes. Here's a related paper. Einstein's ...
electrostatics8/21/2009
  Q: a very long straight uniformly charged thread carries a charge lambda (k) per unit length. find the ...
  A: Something's missing from the answer, because the way you stated the question the answer is off by a ...
gravity and friction8/21/2009
  Q: what are some of the effects of gravity and friction on speed?
  A: The answer is entirely situation dependent. Are you talking about kinetic (sliding) or static ...
Physics8/17/2009
  Q: Consider a body (For example a metal Sphere). What will be the forces acting on the body if it is ...
  A: Sure, if it's designed right. The system will settle to a stable state after a while (you're ...
Secondary wavelets8/14/2009
  Q: I read about the Huygens priciple of secondary wavelets and how they act as sources of disturbance ...
  A: Light is an electromagnetic wave, which does not travel through a medium like water waves. Its ...
Secondary wavelets8/14/2009
  Q: I read about the Huygens priciple of secondary wavelets and how they act as sources of disturbance ...
  A: Why would they suddenly stop and go backwards? That would violate conservation of momentum. The ...
gravitation8/12/2009
  Q: what is the main difference in the newtons gravitatinal view and that of eistein in which einstein ...
  A: Newtonian physics assumes that light travels at infinite speed, and that the force of gravity simply ...
capacitor8/12/2009
  Q: i wanted to ask that why in a capacitor the charges are not neutralised when there is no dielectric ...
  A: You'll notice lightning discharges after building up. You need to reach a voltage of roughly (rule ...
physics8/11/2009
  Q: Mr. Steve :-) If a curve with a radius of 88 m is banked for a car travelling 75 km/h, What should ...
  A: Well, you asked me what it should be but you already know the answer. You're going to have to ...
gravity8/11/2009
  Q: How the gravitational energy get conserved in earth(for example)? It is attracting each and ...
  A: You seem more to need the law of conservation of energy explained. The rest of this sounds like ...
light8/11/2009
  Q: What is real and virtual image? And tell me about diffraction, interference and polarisation please.
  A: I'll explain part of this and then refer you to hyperphysics because you don't have a specific ...
atom question8/6/2009
  Q: what happens inside an atom when it is excited by a collision
  A: The wavefunction (basically, the spatial distribution) of an electron in an excited atom spreads out ...
electricity8/6/2009
  Q: I was surprised to read in a textbook that although we understand electricity enough to describe its ...
  A: Electricity is the flow of charges. We play with charges all the time and know quite well what they ...
current as a vector8/5/2009
  Q: Sir, Why can't current be treated as a vector? It has both magnitude and direction. ANSWER: ...
  A: Anyone who's really concerned with the answer to this is definitely overly concerned with semantics. ...
uncertainty and light8/4/2009
  Q: We know that by the De broglie's theorem, the momentum of a light photon traveling at the speed of ...
  A: No, not without experimentation. You're assuming its direction and such, momentum is a vector. And ...
General science vocabulary8/4/2009
  Q: A scientific statement (often mathematical in form) that summarizes experimental data is called a ...
  A: One of the great conundrums in physics, why is it that we call a law a law and a theory a theory? ...
Force an a charge8/3/2009
  Q: Sir, I have got into another confusion regarding Lorentz forces. Let's consider the following. ...
  A: Wow, I had a whole long answer to this typed up yesterday and didn't hit the second send button... ...
shapes of galaxies8/3/2009
  Q: Sir, I have got into confusion after thinking of the following effects. I think the forces which ...
  A: I'll get to your more complex question tomorrow when I have some more time. But this one is easy. ...
Science experiment help?8/3/2009
  Q: i was wondering if you could help me with my science experiment. I need to provide research for my ...
  A: That would probably depend on which surface absorbed the least energy. So you're looking for ...
photoelectric effect7/31/2009
  Q: how is the stopping potential a measure of max kinetic energy of electrons and how come the ...
  A: Well, this is somewhat situation dependent, you have to know both the photon energy and the work ...
shapes of galaxies7/31/2009
  Q: Sir, I have got into confusion after thinking of the following effects. I think the forces which ...
  A: Your first situation, observer A would also see time moving slower for those particles, ...
shapes of galaxies7/31/2009
  Q: Sir, Are there proven theories which explain the various shapes of galaxies? To my knowledge I ...
  A: Astrophysicists may tell you they have a theory that does it, but galaxy formation is still a ...
ENERGIES7/30/2009
  Q: when an electron add in an atom , energy is released......this energy is released because when the ...
  A: First, the sign of the electron charge (q2) is negative. So when it's attracted to a positive ...
Mirage7/30/2009
  Q: Hey all! I'm kind of worried. Today I went to the univ. and it was a hot summer day. As I was ...
  A: I don't have a photograph to work with or anything, but I would say it was still an effect of ...
Gravity7/28/2009
  Q: Is there gravity at the exact center of the earth? In other words, would equal mass in all ...
  A: Yes and no. The forces will all cancel out, so there will be no gravitational forces. Time will ...
Complicated Mu Issues7/22/2009
  Q: I've been working on a detailed project that's about the 'Physics of a Merry-Go-Round,' and I'm ...
  A: Your question doesn't make it clear what the goal of your calculation is. Are you trying to figure ...
wind energy7/21/2009
  Q: What is the difference between a Baker Wind Turbine and a propeller driven windmill?
  A: Well, since the name of the questioner appearing on this question and the invention are the same and ...
eclipse7/21/2009
  Q: There will be an eclipse on the 22nd and one of the concerns is with the disruption to communication ...
  A: Nothing at all. However, people gather in open spaces away from cell phone towers to watch ...
physics7/21/2009
  Q: Steve If a person is standing above a car, and this car starts to move, after that he jumps, what ...
  A: OK, I'm wondering if you asked this question quite the way you meant it. Is he standing on the car ...
Quatum theory7/20/2009
  Q: Calculate the energy range, in eV,of photons in the visible region of the electromagnetic ...
  A: Each of those wavelengths corresponds to an energy, since you have a range of wavelengths you have a ...
lasers7/20/2009
  Q: we are supposed to do an experimental project on laser and total internal reflection of lasers can ...
  A: I think they intended for you to come up with something like "how fiber-optic communications works." ...
How to prevent the Ringing effect and the decision of the secondary coil parameters ?7/19/2009
  Q: In this new treatise we will discuss some important questions about RLC circuits and resonance ...
  A: Birol, I still don't understand the overall goal of these coils. What exactly are you trying to ...
inclined plane friction help7/19/2009
  Q: I am doing an EEI. My experiment was to roll golf balls down an inclined plane in order to test ...
  A: "f" is the force of static friction. Multiplied by its radius, that gives you the torque, which ...
Physics - Kinetic Energy conversion7/19/2009
  Q: I don't often wonder about such things but a couple of weeks ago I did and this popped out.... ...
  A: Obviously it's a continuous process and not instantateous. You just have to look on a small enough ...
problem in physics7/18/2009
  Q: SIR,THANKS FOR ANSWER THAT THE ROPE'S VELOCITY IS THE COMPONENT OF BLOCK'S VELOCITY.BUT I HAVE ONE ...
  A: No, it's not a parallelogram (look at the drawing, the sides are in no way parallel). It's two ...
physics7/18/2009
  Q: we are agroup of teachers in training course and we would like your help to answer some questions ...
  A: 1) Impossible to answer, who is to say what is the most important research? It could be anything ...
Gasoline7/17/2009
  Q: Will you please help me with some suggestions on how to build my invention, the NoGas Engine? I ...
  A: The coefficient of expansion of gasoline is approximately 0.0006/degree F. You can multiply be 9/5 ...
2 masses!7/17/2009
  Q: I'm a guy from India currently preparing for the entrance exam of the IIT(Indian Institute of ...
  A: OK, the problem is slightly weird. Your solution is great for a steady state, but if they start ...
problem in physics7/17/2009
  Q: SIR,THANKS FOR ANSWER THAT THE ROPE'S VELOCITY IS THE COMPONENT OF BLOCK'S VELOCITY.BUT I HAVE ONE ...
  A: No, it's just like the previous problem. Rotate it 90 degrees clockwise, block out the lower ...
Cern7/16/2009
  Q: We all know Cern can change way of the physic.Altough it is very very important experiment we can ...
  A: CERN is currently repairing the Large Hadron Collider, but has another large collider still in ...
physics7/16/2009
  Q: REVEREND SIR, I HAVE A QUESTION.WHEN A BLOCK IS CONNECTED TO A ROPE AND THE ROPE IS ...
  A: I'll go back and modify my answer (so no one else gets confused), upon looking at it I was thinking ...
see by all electromagnetic waves7/15/2009
  Q: if we could see by all range of electromagnetic waves,what we see,and how we see the world and all ...
  A: Well, that's physically impossible...nothing is sensitive to the infinite range of electromagnetic ...
optics.7/15/2009
  Q: how a trick mirror is made? why are shaving mirrors concave while rear view mirrors convex?
  A: A trick mirror is made the same way any other mirror is made. Glass is cast in a shape, polished, ...
Heat from electromagnetic waves 27/14/2009
  Q: Days ago, I asked you about the heat produced by electromagnetic waves. I was thinking that some ...
  A: The thermometer either absorbs infrared better than visible light (meaning that visible light is ...
length of a curb lever7/14/2009
  Q: would you pls explain me ; if i use a curb shape lever rather than a hard straight one .considering ...
  A: For this situation it will increase slightly, as the distance between the fulcrum and the end of the ...
Fusel Oils7/14/2009
  Q: What is the boiling point of fusels oils at atmospheric Pressure?
  A: You don't need me, wikipedia has a well-researched section on this: ...
hollow sphere7/14/2009
  Q: can an object float inside a hollow sphere,which is placed in a gravitational field?
  A: Do you mean, will the hollow sphere shield the object inside it from gravitation if the sphere is ...
length of a curb lever7/14/2009
  Q: would you pls explain me ; if i use a curb shape lever rather than a hard straight one .considering ...
  A: Point of grammar: it's spelled "curved" and not "curbed." 1) I'll assume you have the fulcrum in ...
Ray Optics- Caustic curve7/13/2009
  Q: i beg that you kindly explain to me this phenomenon, i have failed to understand it. Our teacher is ...
  A: This term isn't commonly used in physics classes anymore, I believe it's a bit archaic. I'd heard ...
Frictionless surface7/13/2009
  Q: Is it just a mathematical approximation that on a frictionless surface since no obstruction ...
  A: It's not zero, it just tends towards zero. That's not the same. You need nearly zero force on a ...
velocity vector entering a magnetic field7/13/2009
  Q: I'm trying to understand a question. An electron with velocity vector v e- enters a magnetic ...
  A: Easy, use the right hand rule and remember that the sign of the charge is negative. You take your ...
velocity vector entering a magnetic field7/12/2009
  Q: I'm trying to understand a question. An electron with velocity vector v e- enters a magnetic ...
  A: Your rough sketch in text did not make it through. Since you know the answer, I won't consider this ...
Tesla7/12/2009
  Q: Iread somewhere that Tesla was able to transmit electrical power without wires.He was able to light ...
  A: Basically, induction is a very general term. Also he could pass it through his own body at very ...
Optical Illusion7/11/2009
  Q: I'm a cyclist, and have noticed that from a distance all hills look like they're going to eat you ...
  A: I can think of two explanations, which are both human. Kinda like how the sky isn't actually blue. ...
Ice engine7/11/2009
  Q: Will you please help me with some suggestions on how to build my invention, the ICE ENGINE? Here is ...
  A: This is a fascinating concept, aside from two tiny but enormous flaws. The first is obvious, speed. ...
The Honey Dilema???7/10/2009
  Q: I was taking some honey from a jar of set Honey and the strangest question entered my mind! If you ...
  A: Then honey must be a non-Newtonian fluid like Oobleck. Try mixing a 50/50 mixture of corn starch ...
Capacitance quandry7/10/2009
  Q: I am experimenting with high voltage capacitors and was wondering if you could explain what I am ...
  A: The small spark is from the difference in voltage, but there's no conundrum here. The charges on ...
Force7/8/2009
  Q: I recently read in a DMV book that the force is 4 times greater (not 2 times) for a vehicle ...
  A: They mean the force needed to stop you in the same distance. Force*distance = energy. Kinetic ...
Quantum Physics7/8/2009
  Q: I'm 13 years old, and i was wondering if you could explain quantum physics to me in the most ...
  A: Attempting to find a simple explanation for quantum physics is relatively futile. The simple and ...
Electric current7/7/2009
  Q: When you touch an electric wire while standing on the ground, you get shocked! How an electric ...
  A: Yes, due to its large area the ground is an excellent conductor. The fatter the wire, the better ...
Battery and Leyden jar7/7/2009
  Q: What's the difference between battery and Leyden jar?
  A: A battery stores energy in chemical form and does not contain excess buildup of charges. It creates ...
Synthetic Telepathy7/3/2009
  Q: My family and I have been under electronic attack since at least 2007. I know the individual who is ...
  A: I do know a good bit about this. I've worked on some of the most sensitive types electronic devices ...
color and wavelength7/3/2009
  Q: on your webpage i have found an answer of Curtis to one question on physics, it is says, the energy ...
  A: This could mean two things, so I'm going to address it first as if you're talking about light. ...
physics7/3/2009
  Q: I have to make a working model or perform an experiment related to "Physics in kitchen" .Could you ...
  A: Fortunately, you don't need me. My kitchen physics experiments are usually unnecessarily complex. ...
fatal car accident7/3/2009
  Q: my husband was in a fatal car accident. Law enforcement explained the accident as follows: the car ...
  A: I'm sorry for your loss. Based on the few details presented here and the complexity of a car crash, ...
Heat from electromagnetic waves7/2/2009
  Q: I would like to know the next: Does every wavelength of radiation increase temperature of materials ...
  A: The answers to these question are by no means simple and you haven't provided enough information for ...
Synthetic Telepathy7/2/2009
  Q: My family and I have been under electronic attack since at least 2007. I know the individual who is ...
  A: OK, your question is somewhat incomplete and will require a follow-up before I can answer it. The ...
nucleus7/1/2009
  Q: In beta decay, does the atom get oppositely charged when an electron or positron is emitted? And do ...
  A: They do, conservation of charge demands it. The jury is still out on your second question, I have a ...
Eddy Currents6/27/2009
  Q: I know that for a corrent to flow you need a driving source like an emf.In the case of eddy currents ...
  A: EMF stands for electro-motive force. That's induced by changing magnetic fields. So when you have ...
reflection6/25/2009
  Q: I read somewhere that light is an EM wave and in relation to this wave theory can you help me ...
  A: Let me approximate this... Waves reflect from surfaces. Electric fields in an EM wave hitting a ...
NUCLEAR PHYSICS6/25/2009
  Q: Am a 200 level physics student of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. I want to know the ...
  A: I'm not sure what a 200 level student is, your system is different. Nuclear physics studies the ...
Electricity6/24/2009
  Q: Can you explain how this works or is it some kind of hoax? candles.wmv ANSWER: You'll have to ...
  A: OK, I got it. I've seen plenty of videos on youtube, and this one has a few tells: 1) Timing. ...
Electricity6/24/2009
  Q: Can you explain how this works or is it some kind of hoax? candles.wmv ANSWER: You'll have to ...
  A: There's only a link for attaching pictures on the question form. Therefore, you're either stuck ...
physics of light reception6/24/2009
  Q: assume a light is glowing at a long distance.that source wont give light to our vicinity because of ...
  A: Well, if a light is shining from far enough away we won't see it. There are stars which are too ...
physics6/23/2009
  Q: what will happen if earth stops to revolve around sun? what will happen if earth stops spinning?
  A: So, you're assuming two things which are physically impossible, but that the rest of physics works? ...
Fields6/22/2009
  Q: As usual..yr answers are excellent!! Thank You. In an Electric Field,,what is is when we say a Field ...
  A: It means that the change in energy due to the field (in the case of an electric field, due to the ...
investigatory project6/21/2009
  Q: can you please give me some easy investigatory projects related to physics?
  A: Yes, but I need to know a few things if you would follow this up. Your age and knowledge of ...
fire6/21/2009
  Q: When you light up a candle, the flame will glow in a triangle like shape. Why can't it take any ...
  A: That's relatively complex fluid dynamics, if I were to calculate the shape, but for an intuitive ...
Physics Application6/20/2009
  Q: I will be taking part in a Science Challenge in July.Earlier,the challenge were conducted in several ...
  A: Well, you pretty much listed some already, and I'm not psychic. Perhaps it would help to look at ...
heat energy6/18/2009
  Q: Nelson, I am wondering if there is any equation to calculate how much energy (heat?) an object is ...
  A: This is actually quite complex. It depends on the temperature of the flame, the thermal ...
Rocket6/17/2009
  Q: I am looking to design a own model rocket, i should know some information please help mme How ...
  A: Calculation of the height is pretty simple if you know your engine type, there are calculators out ...
Quantam Physics6/10/2009
  Q: What is quantam physics...how can we make a lay man understand the concept in a simple manner.
  A: Haaa ha ha ha! If I knew how to make a lay person understand quantum mechanics I'd have published a ...
The Stand6/8/2009
  Q: I'm re-reading Stephen King's "The Stand". Early in the novel several major cities lose power, ...
  A: No, the reactors would be shut down and there would be NO power coming from them, starting as soon ...
The Stand6/8/2009
  Q: I'm re-reading Stephen King's "The Stand". Early in the novel several major cities lose power, ...
  A: Unmanned? That's now how they run. If careful operators were unavailable even for a minute the ...
Atomic Behaviour6/7/2009
  Q: Does one atom of isolated hydrogen have a temperature? If one atom was n space with no gravity ...
  A: Sure it does, relative to whatever is measuring its temperature. It will have a velocity relative ...
A/D converter/ion6/6/2009
  Q: I built a data logger and an 8 bit digitizer then realized that some were using 12 - 24 bit ...
  A: Yes, Ron, the ADC would be uselessly overcomplicated if one were limited to that screen and plotting ...
electric power requirement for generation of sparks6/6/2009
  Q: could you please tell me how much (minimum electric)power would be required to produce electric ...
  A: A whole mole? That's 22.4 liters of an ideal gas at STP (with only small deviations for other gas ...
working model on physics6/5/2009
  Q: please give me ideas for making working model on any topic of physics like light, electricity, ...
  A: No need to reinvent the wheel, just check out demonstrations (in effect, working models) at places ...
Power line vibration6/5/2009
  Q: I often walk under a point where two power lines cross. The local line along our street crosses ...
  A: There's gotta be some coupling between them at 120 Hz. If you drive a mechanical system at its ...
Question concering falling down and odds to survive.6/4/2009
  Q: Can a person survive entering water at 300KM/h in vertical position with toes pointing down? How ...
  A: 300 km/h? No, at that speed there's no diving position that would allow one to survive. So ...
Mass6/4/2009
  Q: Does surface area have an affect on mass? Does changing the surface area of something change it's ...
  A: No, mass is the quantity of matter in an object. If I squish a sphere of clay flat I change its ...
draining water6/3/2009
  Q: If you have 2 containers half full with water and a tube to the ground. The first is 1 foot off the ...
  A: Are you talking about siphoning the water or just draining it out the bottom? Does the tube go the ...
electromagnetic shielding5/26/2009
  Q: actually i was wondering if there were other ways to stop electromagnetic waves beside using ...
  A: Large amounts of less-conductive material? That's still a Faraday cage, I guess. I guess you could ...
curriculum questiom5/26/2009
  Q: I am from Kuwait and I want to know about the curriculum of physics in other countries because I ...
  A: Well, the only obvious thing you're missing is fluid mechanics (buoyancy, Bernoulli's equation). ...
throw5/26/2009
  Q: When rain (with constant velocity), if you want walk from one place to another place how can you go ...
  A: Well, I'm not going to prove it mathematically because that might constitute the solution to a ...
Escape velocity5/25/2009
  Q: Dr. Nelson, I just asked this question of another expert, but his reply was 2 screens of math ...
  A: Escape velocity depends on how far out you achieve that velocity. You have to set the kinetic ...
Practical limitations of submarine periscope-mounted surface search radar5/25/2009
  Q: Nelson, Thanks very much for your willingness to answer questions, and I apologize if this ...
  A: A Stirling engine is more efficient, but not air-independent. Anyhow, your question about the ...
curriculum questiom5/24/2009
  Q: I am from Kuwait and I want to know about the curriculum of physics in other countries because I ...
  A: That depends on the level of physics they study. Generally, they spend one semester on classical ...
Collisions, Momentum and Energy5/24/2009
  Q: I don't fully understand how momentum is always conserved in a collision, yet kinetic energy can be ...
  A: It's not "lost," it's just converted to another form of energy. Conservation of momentum is one of ...
rocket5/22/2009
  Q: I'm working on building a rocket with an A8-3 engine. Before liftoff i have to answer some ...
  A: The formula is correct, but assumes no friction. The real value will be considerably lower of both ...
Laser Defraction5/22/2009
  Q: I'd like to be able to defract laser light from my laser point in a number of ways. For example ...
  A: They contain spinning mirrors that will fan the beam. The the human eye it'll look like multiple ...
rope suspension bridge building5/21/2009
  Q: i have been wondering how rope suspension bridges were built in ancient times {Incan for ex:}. more ...
  A: Well, generally someone had to climb down and up the other side. Bridges weren't built to help the ...
SPEED & GRAVITY5/21/2009
  Q: mars has a gravity 38% that of earth...if earths gravity was the same how fast will a man be able to ...
  A: Depends on the person, the animal, the bullet, or the car of course. Friction isn't usually the ...
physics5/21/2009
  Q: From what i understand if you are travelling in a vehicle at 100 km an hour and dropped an object ...
  A: Nope, in fact she's exactly wrong. A dropped rock would have the same velocity at first, then it ...
PV hydrogen fuel5/20/2009
  Q: Hopefully this isn't too basic, but it seems so obvious to me. If you set up a Photo Voltaic cell, ...
  A: It's not a matter of simplicity, it's a matter of cost and wattage. Solar, to those who grew up ...
electromagnetic waves5/19/2009
  Q: Could you please explain the following sentence why it is correct? The field strengths are great in ...
  A: Without advanced math and in-depth physics this will be difficult, but picture light like a water ...
arc length5/18/2009
  Q: i am attempting to determine the arc length of a baseball without using calculus. i would be very ...
  A: Well, how did you figure out the x velocity? You really have to integrate the total velocity. So ...
Impact5/15/2009
  Q: I work in product development within the glass industry in the UK. We are developing products to ...
  A: I'm confused by your question, what exactly do you need an expert for, help calculating energy or ...
Rivers and ponds5/14/2009
  Q: How are the volume of water, total distance covered and depth of large rivers and deep ponds ...
  A: Volume is calculated. Area covered can be measured from satellite photographs, check google Earth ...
Electric question5/13/2009
  Q: I am researching a story that I am working on, and am having difficulty locating decent information. ...
  A: This is more of a biology question, but I know Glen Elert answers questions like this with his ...
motors5/11/2009
  Q: which is the most powerful pound for pound engine or motor can you get the same power or more from ...
  A: See here: http://www.uqm.com/pdfs/PowerPhase150%20(2.4.09).pdf This is an example of a 200 HP ...
heat5/10/2009
  Q: If there is water in glass of 20K temperature in room the room is also equal to the water ...
  A: Heat is transferred in and out of the water at the same rate. The room and the water are in thermal ...
How can I work at the saturation point B ?5/10/2009
  Q: I am sending you some informations about you answer. For the application of a toroid you are ...
  A: My mistake, in looking into mu-metal this appears to be why they're not used in power transformers ...
ROTATIONAL MOTION5/9/2009
  Q: Q: I find that whenever a body is executing some sort of rotational motion, the body is at its ...
  A: The simple answer, without dragging you through the mathematics and cross products, is that rotating ...
Pressure decreases when adding more weights?5/7/2009
  Q: Steve, (see attached picture) Q1. If you put a weight of 1 pound (and an area of 1 sq. inch) on a ...
  A: For question one, the answer is yes that the gauge will read 1 PSI. The reading will not decrease ...
MASS5/6/2009
  Q: Q: Right from the schooldays i have been taught the concept of mass as such without differentiating ...
  A: Inertial mass is an object's resistance to acceleration. Gravitational mass is an object's ...
EM SPECTRUM5/6/2009
  Q: Q3.I think nature has given an undue importance to a particular region in the EM spectrum.This is ...
  A: I thought I'd followed up on this. "Gamma rays" and "radio waves" are the same thing: photons. We ...
ELECTROMAGNETISM & GRAVITATION5/5/2009
  Q: Q1:We use electric or magnetic lines of force to deal with most of the problems in electricity and ...
  A: This is largely historical, and the use of "lines of force" is somewhat outdated. Also, magnetic ...
COMPLEX NUMBERS5/5/2009
  Q: Q:In maths we speak of imaginary nos.What is the real physical meaning of these nos.What is the ...
  A: They're a mathematical tool do describe things whose physical laws behave the same way ...
HEAT RADIATIONS5/2/2009
  Q: Q:Why the infrared rays alone should carry heat and why not other radiations(say light or X-rays) ...
  A: Visible light does heat us up, actually. IR doesn't necessarily irritate people, just heat their ...
DEBROGLIE WAVELENGTH5/2/2009
  Q: Q:The DeBroglie wavelength of a particle is given by lambda=h/mv. Two properties of a particle ...
  A: Well, the words "fuses up" is an incredible sweeping under the rug of a lot of mathematics and ...
Rotation of Rigid bodies5/2/2009
  Q: Greetings sir, I am a first year university student.I would like to grasp some basic concepts ...
  A: Presumably you *always* try to use the correct formula. Yes, 1/2MR^2 is the correct form for a ...
HEAT RADIATIONS4/30/2009
  Q: Q:Why the infrared rays alone should carry heat and why not other radiations(say light or X-rays) ...
  A: It doesn't, that's just the range of the peak frequencies emitted in the energy distribution by ...
Quantum entanglement4/30/2009
  Q: Q:What is quantum entanglement? How to make two particles quantum mechanically entangled? Is this ...
  A: Quantum entanglement deals with the states at which two particles are prepared in when they're ...
Pressure on sensor4/30/2009
  Q: Steve, You are stubborn! I understand you don't want to do students' homework, given to them from ...
  A: I'm not stubborn, and I answered this question already if you read my entire answer. It depends on ...
UNIFIED THEORY-NOT A HOMEWORK4/30/2009
  Q: Q:Sir,why should we look for a unified force theory without knowing exactly whether the nature ...
  A: I think I accidentally clicked on homework rejection on your last question, sorry about that. If ...
HERF and man-made auroras4/30/2009
  Q: Steve, I am currently writing a bit of science fiction that I need help getting as accurate as ...
  A: It would not, though a large enough nuclear blast in the upper atmosphere might interact with power ...
HERF and man-made auroras4/29/2009
  Q: Steve, I am currently writing a bit of science fiction that I need help getting as accurate as ...
  A: Sure, here's an example of a man-made aurora: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starfish_Prime You can ...
physics4/29/2009
  Q: I have a couple of questions regarding physics. The first one might seem silly to a physics ...
  A: E=mc^2 gives you the equivalent conversion amount, but matter and energy are different. As energy ...
basketball4/29/2009
  Q: My homeowners association requires portable basketball goals be kept close to the house when not in ...
  A: How did you measure the angle? 25 degrees is rather steep for a driveway. Anyhow, the answer is ...
heat and sound4/29/2009
  Q: Please tell me how to detect heat by infrared rays and radius. I know that we can use thermal ...
  A: I'm not sure what you mean by thermal inductance. Or why you need a radius, the simple detection of ...
Travelling at speed of light4/28/2009
  Q: What is the meaning or the statement ' nothing can travel faster than the speed of light' ? If a ...
  A: The observers on Earth the spaceship behaving exactly as the laws of physics says it should. So do ...
Travelling at speed of light4/28/2009
  Q: What is the meaning or the statement ' nothing can travel faster than the speed of light' ? If a ...
  A: Its acceleration would change relative to observers on Earth, it would continue to observe the same ...
DIMENSIONS4/27/2009
  Q: Sir, I've 2 questions: 1. How is the weight and length of whales, sharks and other large sea ...
  A: 1) They're roughly neutrally bouyant, so their density is the same as sea water. Therefore, using ...
twin paradox4/27/2009
  Q: how is the twin paradox solved in which one of them travel in spaceship? b'coz in it both will ...
  A: By accelerating, he changes the inertial reference frame in which he exists. That causes his clock ...
basic pressure understanding - not home work4/27/2009
  Q: Steve, I know you don't answer homework. But I don't even go to school. I'm 40 this August. The ...
  A: It's a numbered list of questions about a specific diagram, and I still have no idea where these ...
physics4/26/2009
  Q: I have a couple of questions regarding physics. The first one might seem silly to a physics ...
  A: Angular momentum is like linear momentum, it's rotational inertia multiplied by angular velocity. ...
Generators4/26/2009
  Q: I have a question. i am constructing a generator in which the magnets attached to a metal rod are ...
  A: It'll be AC, the field will be flipping back and forth. Therefore the rate of change of the ...
voltage4/25/2009
  Q: Sir, Inspite of being an undergraduate student in electronic engineering, i am not clear in the ...
  A: Electrical current flows because there's a net electric potential difference between the two ...
plank time4/24/2009
  Q: plank time does this mean time is not continuous as there is gap in it , that is we actually ...
  A: It's spelled Planck, as in the last name of German physicist Max Planck. ...
evaporation4/24/2009
  Q: how does water evaporate when kept outside below 100°c, i know it starts evaporating at 100°c only ...
  A: Even fractional distillation doesn't completely separate a mixture, it only alters the balance of ...
work or force to compress air4/24/2009
  Q: I was thinking of making a fire piston (small fire starting device that compressed air in a ...
  A: Fire tubes are fun, but break easily so be careful in the actual use. No heat is exchanged with the ...
My science fair project.4/24/2009
  Q: Do you know anything about model rockets? How do you use them? How do you make them and launch them? ...
  A: There's enough information in my profile for you to go to the school in my details and look me up ...
My science fair project.4/24/2009
  Q: Do you know anything about model rockets? How do you use them? How do you make them and launch them? ...
  A: As a science fair director and physics professor, I can tell you that it would be a good science ...
understanding the physics of a balloon rocket and also a paper rocket4/23/2009
  Q: Nelson, my daughter is a Sophmore in High School and has to present these two demonstrations to her ...
  A: I'm not sure which type of paper rocket you mean, most of them seem to act more like guns than ...
Observing jet contrails - earth rotation4/23/2009
  Q: Should a jet's contrail (flying from the south to the north) remain in the same part of the sky ...
  A: Ahh, good question and a tricky visualization. Not a curl, the plane is in the air. Relative to ...
My science fair project.4/23/2009
  Q: Do you know anything about model rockets? How do you use them? How do you make them and launch them? ...
  A: Are you talking about the type of rocket with snap-out wings that deploy at the end of its flight, ...
gravity4/23/2009
  Q: i understand motion of object/planet orbiting curved space created due to the presence of mass but ...
  A: More to the point, how can an object which isn't moving at all be attracted to the Earth? The ...
Question about General Relativity4/23/2009
  Q: I'm an amateur at physics, but am interested in the experiments that set gravitation as the bending ...
  A: To your questions: 1) Newtonian gravitation doesn't really predict the bending of light, because ...
time and objects speeding from earth4/22/2009
  Q: Five years ago my high school science teacher showed the class an older video from I think the ...
  A: Ummm...you may have seen who you consider a "hippie" scientist present something in a film five ...
Observing jet contrails - earth rotation4/22/2009
  Q: Should a jet's contrail (flying from the south to the north) remain in the same part of the sky ...
  A: No, as wide as it looks from the ground, the part of the sky you can actually observe is shockingly ...
GRAVITATION4/22/2009
  Q: Q.sir,i came to know that a body will execute a simple harmonic motion when it goes into a tunnel ...
  A: Symmetry. It turns out that if you're inside a spherical shell of mass the gravitation is pulling ...
My science fair project.4/22/2009
  Q: Do you know anything about model rockets? How do you use them? How do you make them and launch them?
  A: I know lots about model rockets, what do you want to know? Typically you follow a kit and launch ...
expantion coefficient4/20/2009
  Q: i want to know what is the basic agent affects the expantion coefficient of gallium or mercury in ...
  A: This is a straight-up thermodynamics problem. There will be Gibbs free energy terms related to the ...
expantion coefficient4/20/2009
  Q: i want to know what is the basic agent affects the expantion coefficient of gallium or mercury in ...
  A: I'm confused, largely because a grammatical glitch in this sentence left me wondering exactly what ...
evaporation4/20/2009
  Q: how does water evaporate when kept outside below 100°c, i know it starts evaporating at 100°c only ...
  A: Molecules evaporate from water at every temperature. Molecules will even come off of ice (it's ...
Falling Car4/20/2009
  Q: A buddy and I were watching Mythbusters when a car was dropped 400 feet. The engine (front)part of ...
  A: You're both right and wrong, that's how these arguments almost always go. Air resistance provides ...
evaporation4/19/2009
  Q: how does water evaporate when kept outside below 100°c, i know it starts evaporating at 100°c only
  A: No, 100 degrees Celsius is just where the vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure, allowing the ...
Sound4/18/2009
  Q: Is there a simple and possible way to make a device that enables a human to hear sounds emitted by ...
  A: You'd have to make the elephants breathe the helium or the bats breathe xenon/argon to make the ...
physics4/18/2009
  Q: why we use convex lens of small focal length for a magnifying glass?
  A: I won't drag you through the optics of it, but the magnification of a simple magnifier is given by ...
coulomb force4/15/2009
  Q: can a charged body exert coulomb force on a neutral body?
  A: Yes, generally a charged body will polarize a neutral body. The opposite charges will be pulled ...
gaussian distribution4/14/2009
  Q: i am studying the statistical distribution of the size of crystals formed in a cement clinker. i ...
  A: I'd say it's a binning issue, but it's the wrong distribution for it. That brings us back to ...
Question4/12/2009
  Q: Help me with this question please. In capillary pipe why water uprise until it arrive higher than ...
  A: Surface tension. See this picture: ...
Shockwaves4/11/2009
  Q: Do you know what the density increase in a shock wave through a mix of liquid lithium and lead is? ...
  A: It's going to depend on many factors that you'll need to specify in a follow-up for me if I can ...
Sound4/10/2009
  Q: i am in graduate.Does our singing really sound better in a shower? If so,What are the physical ...
  A: I can't answer "better" or "worse" because that may depend on personal taste. However, resonant ...
Sound4/10/2009
  Q: i am in graduate.I want to ask that Sound wave can be used to measure the speed at which blood flows ...
  A: Sound reflects off of the red blood cells in the arteries and veins. It acquires a Doppler shift ...
vapor pressure4/10/2009
  Q: When a liquid is placed in an evacuated container,at constant pressure some of the liquid molecules ...
  A: No, they don't completely occupy the space. In fact, they occupy very little of the space, really, ...
Gas turbine working4/10/2009
  Q: I have a small doubt..what is the feasibility of using a gas turbine engine in atmospheres that ...
  A: Depends on the design. Generally you want high masses in the flow to get momentum transfer. ...
Electrostatics4/9/2009
  Q: Sir, My question is (i)why the electric field inside a charged conductor is zero? (ii) Why do the ...
  A: Inside a conductor, charges are free to move. If any field exists briefly in a conductor, the ...
Gravity and the theory of everything4/9/2009
  Q: (this may be a loaded question) Do you think gravityis a pulling effect/phenomenon or a pushing ...
  A: The genius of Einstein's General Relativity is that it turned the scientific community's thinking on ...
x-rays24/8/2009
  Q: can you give me some examples of x-ray radiation please?
  A: X-rays are usually generated by stopping high-energy electrons, like the high-energy electrons in a ...
x-rays4/8/2009
  Q: can you give me any details on the frequency of x-rays?
  A: No need, you can calculate it for yourself. Just divide the speed of light by the wavelength. ...
absoluteness4/8/2009
  Q: einstein in his relativity has said that everything is relative , because there is no ...
  A: The universe is the very extent of space itself. It has no center. It's more complex to think ...
Gas turbine working4/8/2009
  Q: I have a small doubt..what is the feasibility of using a gas turbine engine in atmospheres that ...
  A: Ahh, so you're adding the oxidizer in the turbine in the same place you add the fuel. This should ...
car crash, vehicle in motion hitting stationary vehicle4/6/2009
  Q: Scenario of car crash: I pulled up to a stop sign intersection facing east at the same time as ...
  A: Let me go straight to your questions. No, the moving car will not generally inflict more damage. ...
simple harmonic motion4/6/2009
  Q: hallo, I'm asp & seek help regarding spring mass system let us assume initially there is spring ...
  A: The sum of forces is equal to mass*acceleration. I don't use the term "inertia force," so we're ...
Gas turbine working4/6/2009
  Q: I have a small doubt..what is the feasibility of using a gas turbine engine in atmospheres that ...
  A: I'm pretty sure methane and nitrogen don't combust. You need fuel and an oxidizer, that's where ...
physics of still water (in white water rapids)4/3/2009
  Q: I need a simple way to explain still waters that appear in streams that also include white water. ...
  A: The water isn't really still, it's just moving very slowly. It's based on geometry. Rapids occur ...
physics4/3/2009
  Q: Are electrons and negative charge the same things or not.please explain your answer
  A: No, electrons are particles. They have a property called charge, just like they have a definite ...
coil voltage & rate change4/3/2009
  Q: I am slightly confused over a coils flux and rate change. If I impress a flux of 100A/uS into a ...
  A: I don't see anywhere that he explains DVDI still. I'll need more full information on what you do ...
physics4/3/2009
  Q: I am feeling really puzzled about the difference between resistance and resistivity.please explain ...
  A: Resistance is the resistance to flow of electricity through an object. That object is made of a ...
coil voltage & rate change4/2/2009
  Q: I am slightly confused over a coils flux and rate change. If I impress a flux of 100A/uS into a ...
  A: We have some bad terminology here you'll need to clear up in a follow-up before we can continue. ...
"physics for dummies:" resonance in matter4/2/2009
  Q: I am currently researching the properties of stone, rocks, crystals and other matter that act as ...
  A: Perhaps you could clarify what you mean by "response." In general, no, sound frequencies do not ...
n s pole4/2/2009
  Q: which is the pole of a magnetic compass that get deflect near to the wire carrying dc current and ...
  A: Depends on the direction of the DC current. The compass will want to line up perpendicular to a ...
Motor4/2/2009
  Q: I have a question concerning how an electric motor works. I took apart a working garage door opener ...
  A: It's probably not the right type with permanent magnets, so it probably won't produce a lot of ...
Motor4/1/2009
  Q: I have a question concerning how an electric motor works. I took apart a working garage door opener ...
  A: You REALLY need to study up on AC vs DC and circuits in general to even come close to doing this and ...
gravitation4/1/2009
  Q: If in a room filled with air(uniformly), there are 2 spherical cavities some distance apart, what ...
  A: If you're holding back the air from the empty cavities with physical shells that have mass, those ...
gravitation3/31/2009
  Q: If in a room filled with air(uniformly), there are 2 spherical cavities some distance apart, what ...
  A: Depends on the mass of the cavities, you need something to hold the air back. Let's assume they're ...
hydro-turbines3/30/2009
  Q: Steve,i am working on putting a hydro-turbine in a closed loop system..the non potable water ...
  A: I don't have an option to change the status of an answered question from public to private, that ...
hydro-turbines3/30/2009
  Q: Steve,i am working on putting a hydro-turbine in a closed loop system..the non potable water ...
  A: I'm a little unsure about the overall purpose of your system, perhaps you could follow-up with an ...
Quantum phenomenon3/30/2009
  Q: My husband and I need to resolve a friendly argument: IS THIS A THEORETICAL POSTULATE OR IS IT AN ...
  A: Changing charge? Charges don't just change. What you describe is mildly similar to the quantum ...
Volume of water change with temperature3/29/2009
  Q: How do i design a laboratory experiment to investigate how the volume of a given amount of water ...
  A: If you don't like dong experiments, why did you ask me to help design an experiment you could do ...
ufo3/29/2009
  Q: I have a rather hard to explain question, but I will try my best. Years ago i saw a very ...
  A: It would help if I had a picture, but the colors you mention all appear in the nitrogen emission ...
physics3/28/2009
  Q: I was wondering if you could explain this better for me, A 4kg mas and a 10kg mass are acted on by ...
  A: No, that's not right. If they're acted on by the same force, then the 10 kg mass will experience an ...
Sound3/27/2009
  Q: Why sugar syrup containing bottle produces fizzy sound while opening cap?
  A: There's either extra air pressure inside or too little (temperature change could cause this) and as ...
Design experiment3/27/2009
  Q: How do i design a laboratory experiment to investigate how the current which passes between two ...
  A: This guy has done a lot of research on the practical issues: ...
a question about how to clean glass plate3/27/2009
  Q: i am going to do some research on the contact angle between glass plate and water. firstly, i think ...
  A: I'll tell you what I do know, but this is getting outside of my area of expertise, you probably ...
Water defying gravity?3/26/2009
  Q: White-water rafting is a wet sport because the swift water flowing over the rapids, enters the still ...
  A: Energy density. All the terms in Bernoulli's equation are in units of pressure, which is equivalent ...
Light3/26/2009
  Q: If you had two objects in orbit, say like the moon and the earth. Then for some impossible reason ...
  A: No, because seeing them would require light to reflect from the surface on the side facing the ...
newton's first law3/25/2009
  Q: Can you help me understand newton's law of interia at general and specially in on its role of the ...
  A: That law is very simple, it just states that an object which is moving will continue to do so until ...
light3/25/2009
  Q: what is the weight of a light ray?
  A: Light has no mass. It contains energy equivalent to mass (E=mc^2), but it has no mass itself. ...
microwave oven3/25/2009
  Q: why metallic vessels are not suitable in microwave oven?
  A: Microwaves are designed to contain microwave photons as standing waves reflected between their ...
Electric sharge3/25/2009
  Q: I have two question,hope you will satified me.I have done graduate in physics. Q1)Why do ...
  A: 1) They involve high voltages generated by very small charges. That means that water molecules are ...
a question about how to clean glass plate3/24/2009
  Q: i am going to do some research on the contact angle between glass plate and water. firstly, i think ...
  A: Solvents work well for basic cleaning (windex, etc). The only way to get rid of extra molecules ...
classical physics3/24/2009
  Q: I read somewhere in Wikipedia that Classical physics is Superseded by relativistic and quantum ...
  A: There's currently no way to know, actually. We know that at some level they can't both be right, ...
the space between atoms3/23/2009
  Q: On the atomic level, there is some free space between the electrons and nucleus of atoms (and ...
  A: Actually, there isn't. That's the classical notion of the atom, but quantum mechanics has shown us ...
classical physics3/23/2009
  Q: I read somewhere in Wikipedia that Classical physics is Superseded by relativistic and quantum ...
  A: Classical physics is, in fact, an approximation of relativistic physics and quantum mechanics. That ...
pressure?3/23/2009
  Q: Steve, thanks for answering my first question. Now leading on from that....this link asks the next ...
  A: First you added pressure from some unknown source to the bottom bottle. But that bottle still has ...
force & elasticity3/23/2009
  Q: Does elasticity depend on mass? I used two objects of similar volume (metal ball and ping pong ...
  A: Elasticity is a material property, not dependent on mass. It's a material property. What did you ...
pressure?3/22/2009
  Q: Question for you, please. If I increase the air pressure in bottle A will it force the water from ...
  A: Yep. You may find you have to increase that pressure a lot. First you have to increase it enough ...
displacement in S.H.M after the periodic time3/22/2009
  Q: I was trying to find a law that i can calculate periodic time with displacement and i tried this: ...
  A: You can't calculate periodic time based on displacement. It's the same time for simple harmonic ...
resistance3/22/2009
  Q: The cross section of a portion of wire increases uniformly so it has the shape of a truncated cone. ...
  A: To "integrate" means to add together. You add resistors in series, so integrate along its length. ...
friction3/20/2009
  Q: My question is: I have a block 1800 lbs on a surface with friction coefficient of .8 . I have an ...
  A: Since you approach this with an attempted solution, I won't reject this as a homework question out ...
Energy production3/19/2009
  Q: If a hollow tube were to be lowered to a sufficient depth in the ocean,would the greater pressure at ...
  A: Absolutely not, you'd have to force the pipes down below the surface of the water, fighting the ...
Aerodynamics3/19/2009
  Q: I'm doing a presentation on aerodynamics in my physics class, and I was just wondering if you could ...
  A: Bernoulli's equation. In flight, the shape of the wing forces the air to move faster over the top ...
negative ions3/19/2009
  Q: Do negative ions produced in some air purifiers create ozone that is unsafe?
  A: Apparently so. I'll refer you to the below link from the experts from the State of California. ...
expansion of water on freezing3/18/2009
  Q: I have a small quarry on my property, filled with water. It is a confined basin, about one acre in ...
  A: I'm slightly confused by the phrasing of the question, so perhaps you can clarify. Separation ...
Water pressure3/18/2009
  Q: I am sending you this question because you are willing to deal with "everyday observations of ...
  A: I'm not actually talking about things on a microscopic level, the gaskets in valves give quite a bit ...
Wave propagation3/18/2009
  Q: Would you be so kind to explain me what wave propagation is? Thanks in advance, Bas
  A: Wave propagation is just a general science term. It means the traveling of a wave, or the method of ...
reflection3/18/2009
  Q: A street light,viewed by reflection across a body of water in which there are ripples,appears very ...
  A: Well, that depends on the direction and size of the ripples. If the ripples are headed towards or ...
Gravity3/17/2009
  Q: Is gravity a particle or a wave ?. If it's a particle can it be detected,and if it's a wave do we ...
  A: Gravity is a distortion in spacetime. It's generated by the presence of matter and energy. ...
Water pressure3/17/2009
  Q: I am sending you this question because you are willing to deal with "everyday observations of ...
  A: I'm having to figure this out by thinking in detail about the system, but I believe I have an ...
help on DDP project3/17/2009
  Q: I'm sure you probably get many many people asking you about the same project so I'm sorry if it ...
  A: Packing peanuts are allowed? You could simply glue them to the outside. Alternatively, taking a ...
force of impact on a multi car collision3/16/2009
  Q: This is not a homework discussion. I am having an agrument with a friend of mine and I just wanted ...
  A: The answer is complex and depends on what you want to really know: the force between the cars or ...
engineer fair project!!!!! HELP ME!!!!!3/16/2009
  Q: I'm doing a project for school(required),and have no idea how to build a rubber band powered car!!!! ...
  A: In this case, there are several factors. 1) Make it as light as possible, but still stable. ...
momentum3/14/2009
  Q: sir which will be more effective in knocking down a bear down. i- a rubber bullet ii- a lead bullet ...
  A: A rubber bullet, based on conservation of momentum. The bullet bounces, therefore has a greater ...
electrostatic force3/14/2009
  Q: Can you please help me with question 13 and Numerical respons 7 on this site: ...
  A: 13 is just a vector problem, basically the Phythagorean theorem. You square and add the two ...
Water Freezing Above 32 F.3/13/2009
  Q: Steve, I have a co-worker who has started a few acres of organic blue berries. He asked me if I ...
  A: No. You can temporarily superheat formed ice crystals a little in the lab by raising their pressure ...
radioactivity3/13/2009
  Q: I am interested in using Uranium glass that was produced pre 1940's in my artwork, making light ...
  A: It should be fine. The material will contain very very tiny amounts of radon, which is chemically ...
Heat3/13/2009
  Q: What is the difference between specific heat and heat capacity?
  A: They're related. Heat capacity is often used to mean specific heat, but heat capacity refers to a ...
Fluid temperatures3/12/2009
  Q: Hot or warm air is lighter than cooler air, and thus rises. I always believed that water behaved ...
  A: It would only cool rapidly to the same temperature if stirred. Convection is an exceedingly slow ...
Fluid temperatures3/12/2009
  Q: Hot or warm air is lighter than cooler air, and thus rises. I always believed that water behaved ...
  A: Depends on geometry and time. Several geometric temperature factors, the first one is the straw. ...
surface tension3/11/2009
  Q: Please can you tell why does surface tension of liquids fall with temperature?
  A: You can picture it this way: at lower temperatures molecules slow down, allowing the attractive ...
heat3/11/2009
  Q: why are mountain tops cold?
  A: Temperature drops as pressure drops in the atmosphere. This is known as the environmental lapse ...
Physics3/11/2009
  Q: What is negative energy? When can the total energy of a system be 0? If total energy is 0, can it be ...
  A: There's no such thing as "negative energy." You can mathematically define a negative potential ...
Particle Accelerators3/10/2009
  Q: I'm an 18 year-old student studying my A-Levels in Britain. I love physics. I was wondering: is it ...
  A: Having been involved in the construction and maintenance of low-energy accelerators before, I can ...
circular motion3/9/2009
  Q: what is tangent
  A: A tangent is a straight line perpendicular to the radius of a circle and touching the circle in ...
question3/9/2009
  Q: what is the difference between first order and second order phase transmortion? how should we ...
  A: A first order phase transformation, like the boiling of water, involves a latent heat. It either ...
physics3/9/2009
  Q: what will happen to a car that is travelling at 50 kilometers per hour if a large force is applied ...
  A: That depends on the magnitude and direction of the force. If the force is applied to the rear of ...
Physics2/26/2009
  Q: In semiconductors, for intrinsic carrier concentration, how the probability function f(E)is ...
  A: It's been a while since I've had solid state physics, myself, and the scope of your question goes to ...
Is it a wheel?2/25/2009
  Q: Nelson, In class we are learning about wheels. We have a question. Is a top a wheel? 14 of us ...
  A: In my opinion, no. A wheel is a device designed to support weight while rolling without slipping, ...
kinetic and potential energy2/25/2009
  Q: Is it possible for a human to have both zero potential and kinetic energy. If potential energy is ...
  A: First, the absolute value of potential energy is arbitrary, so it's technically possible to just ...
Wind chill effect2/24/2009
  Q: I need an answer to settle a friendly argument, and I think it's a physics question. If the wind is ...
  A: Of course for your second example that would eliminate the wind and therefore the wind chill. For ...
complex variables2/23/2009
  Q: i don't understand what a complex variable indicate?.Does it refers to a single point or more.what ...
  A: Complex variables are mathematical constructs with specific properties, much like matrices or ...
pressure2/23/2009
  Q: i'm a B-pharm-1 student.my doubt is how inter molecular forces of attractions can accounts for ...
  A: No, think about the equation. Look at the other side of the equation. That is constant, like 1 ...
pressure2/22/2009
  Q: i'm a B-pharm-1 student.my doubt is how inter molecular forces of attractions can accounts for ...
  A: That's not an increase in pressure, it's a decrease. The pressure added to a constant, in that ...
pressure2/22/2009
  Q: i'm a B-pharm-1 student.my doubt is how inter molecular forces of attractions can accounts for ...
  A: They don't cause pressure at all. Pressure is caused by molecular collisions with the container ...
hi2/21/2009
  Q: When we float, we can’t do things we normally do on Earth’s surface that scientists think of a way ...
  A: The acceleration of Earth's gravity is 9.8 m/s^2. The centripetal acceleration due to rotation is ...
Kinetic Energy2/21/2009
  Q: I have some doubts as to the application of kinetic energy in some circumstances, the main one being ...
  A: You use a slightly complicated situation as an example, but your math is correct. If I was riding ...
elementary physics2/20/2009
  Q: When you roll an aluminum can using a balloon and static electricity How fast will it roll? How far ...
  A: Static electricity generally exerts weak forces, because significant static electricity buildup is ...
Lifting to weight ratio2/20/2009
  Q: How much weight will one square foot of a vacuum lift? ANSWER: You technically mean how much weight ...
  A: Oh, that's very different and you need to pose the question in cubic feet, not square feet. The ...
Lifting to weight ratio2/20/2009
  Q: How much weight will one square foot of a vacuum lift?
  A: You technically mean how much weight will one atmosphere of pressure lift when applied to the bottom ...
acoustics2/20/2009
  Q: A man-sized object breaks the sound barrier at 10,000 feet. Would the boom be loud enough to notice ...
  A: It's most likely between 50,000 and 100,000 ft where you drop from about 10% atmospheric pressure to ...
Science Fair Project - Ice2/20/2009
  Q: My son wants to do a science fair project with regard to ice. Any suggestions as to a good project ...
  A: Many! I'm the director of the regional science fair (where the local fair winners go before the ...
physics2/19/2009
  Q: what is a light gate?
  A: Well, there are two things you could be referring to. One would be a photogate, which is a ...
acoustics2/19/2009
  Q: A man-sized object breaks the sound barrier at 10,000 feet. Would the boom be loud enough to notice ...
  A: A sonic boom is a set of types of cone-shaped shock-wave that builds up just as an object reaches ...
electricty being produced2/19/2009
  Q: i need you to help me to understand about electricity being produced. the only way i know is when ...
  A: This isn't quite correct. A change in magnetic field creates an electric field (Faraday's law). ...
force2/19/2009
  Q: I hang a block by a string from a strong support & another sting from bottom of the block. Now, if I ...
  A: If you give it a fast jerk then no time is given for the mass of the block to accelerate and ...
finding research info2/18/2009
  Q: I am doing a science experiment and I am having a hard time finding research info on the topic. Can ...
  A: This is a good question, but hard to answer because the answer depends on so many things. Mostly ...
history of maths/physics2/17/2009
  Q: I recall reading an aside issue in abook about electromagnetism that the derivation of E=mc^2 had ...
  A: You have to understand when you read these stories, people are obsessed with Einstein. His name is ...
Rotation mystery.???2/11/2009
  Q: .. Below is a link that shows a blond Russian lady Hammer thrower (ther are about 4 other ...
  A: This problem is not a great mystery if you're only considering angular momentum, and certainly ...
stainless steel weight2/11/2009
  Q: I have a question about the weight of stainless steel. I want to know,that, what will be the weight ...
  A: Sure, you need to know the density of the steel. Stainless has a density of 8000 kg/m^3, while ...
physics2/11/2009
  Q: How does friction relate to something falling 5.5 meters with a parachute? ANSWER: Why 5.5 m? Why ...
  A: You're interested in drag forces for an egg drop, why didn't you say so? Just deal with drag ...
physics2/10/2009
  Q: How does friction relate to something falling 5.5 meters with a parachute? ANSWER: Why 5.5 m? Why ...
  A: No, though drag forces are in some ways similar to friction. They resist motion, but drag forces ...
physics2/10/2009
  Q: How does friction relate to something falling 5.5 meters with a parachute?
  A: Why 5.5 m? Why not 6 or 60? It's all the same when you're talking about a parachute once you've ...
Gravity2/10/2009
  Q: I have a weird question for ya. I know that magnetic fields and electric fields exhibit all of the ...
  A: At some point in studying physics, everyone wonders about this. No one has yet managed to unify ...
Rotation mystery.???2/10/2009
  Q: .. Below is a link that shows a blond Russian lady Hammer thrower (ther are about 4 other ...
  A: I can think of two things. Either her hands were moving in a direction perpendicular to the main ...
Energy Mechanics2/9/2009
  Q: If the acceleration of an object is not zero, can the velocity of the object be zero? and Also,... ...
  A: First question, yes. For example, if you throw an object up in the air it's always accelerating ...
light2/8/2009
  Q: If light is energy (photons) then why, if one wraps an LED in aluminum foil to reflect light back ...
  A: Heat, LEDs use very very little power. If you want a better example of energy being converted into ...
light2/7/2009
  Q: If light is energy (photons) then why, if one wraps an LED in aluminum foil to reflect light back ...
  A: They wouldn't reflect off the LED well at all, and the aluminum foil isn't 100% reflective. There's ...
capacitance and change in charge, voltage2/7/2009
  Q: I am having trouble understanding capacitance, since each physics source I read gives a different ...
  A: Voltage doesn't change the capacitance. Capacitance results from the geometry of the conductors. ...
brrnoulii2/7/2009
  Q: In the steady flow, what is the factor that decreased the pressure and increased the velocity when ...
  A: The question is posed in a confusing fashion, but let me explain what Bernoulli's equation really ...
question2/6/2009
  Q: what is space time co ordinate?
  A: Much like standard three-dimensional coordinates, a space time coordinate is a set of three spatial ...
Desalinating the Ocean2/6/2009
  Q: I am a senior at my school and am taking an independent physics class in which I explore areas of ...
  A: I have an idea or two for this, actually, but it's a bit outside my field as I'm a nuclear physicist ...
Desalinating the Ocean2/5/2009
  Q: I am a senior at my school and am taking an independent physics class in which I explore areas of ...
  A: Reverse osmosis (RO) is the main form. It requires putting pressure across very large areas of ...
physics2/3/2009
  Q: can u tell me if thier is a maximum speed that somthing can fall at, an if thier is wot speed is it? ...
  A: The speed of light comes to mind, of course. Actually the speed you were quoted is about the speed ...
Newton's 2nd Law2/3/2009
  Q: Recently I was tobogganing with my little brother. After racing to the bottom of the hill (which I ...
  A: In the classroom physics world, you're right. Absolutely it should make no difference between you ...
electric and magnetic field2/3/2009
  Q: isn't a magnetic field created by a magnet(or a dipole) similar to a field created by a +ve and a ...
  A: They're related via Maxwell's equations, which provide a mathematical description of the laws of ...
ice breaking2/3/2009
  Q: Is it possible to shatter ice (on a driveway/sidewalk or roof of house) using microwave or ...
  A: The short answer is yes, but the immediate thing that occurs to me is that either would be ...
Magnetic Field2/2/2009
  Q: I always thought magnetic lines of force eminate from a north pole and entered a south pole. a wire ...
  A: Magnetic field lines are closed loops, always. They run back from south to north poles inside the ...
buzzing sound in the house2/2/2009
  Q: We have a constant buzzing sound which resonates throughout the house even when power cut off. ...
  A: These are tricky, I get these a lot. The trouble with resonating sounds is that they're difficult ...
Friction and force2/1/2009
  Q: I am trying to figure out why it takes so much force to separate two phone books that have been ...
  A: There's a certain frictional force per page when they're all clamped together, which depends on the ...
electric and magnetic field1/31/2009
  Q: isn't a magnetic field created by a magnet(or a dipole) similar to a field created by a +ve and a ...
  A: Well, it's far more complex than that. Here's a few things for you: Excess of electric charges of ...
cosmology1/30/2009
  Q: not sure that the following is your area but il try! I have a very keen,amateur interest in ...
  A: Let me try to run through this and then re-direct you to a much more informative source for the ...
cosmology1/29/2009
  Q: not sure that the following is your area but il try! I have a very keen,amateur interest in ...
  A: Ack! You need a full course in General Relativity, it's a very complex subject and you've waved ...
DC Motors1/29/2009
  Q: What if any damage would occur to a 12V DC Motor if the polarity is reversed? This would be a small ...
  A: Hobbyists reverse the polarity on DC motors all the time to make them run in reverse, as I ...
Sub-atomic physics1/29/2009
  Q: If you were planning to energize an atom to a higher energy state what would the best method to do ...
  A: After this many follow-ups, you really need to just go read up on the subject by doing some research ...
Sub-atomic physics1/29/2009
  Q: Is it known what causes radioisotopes disintegrate spontaneously. What i mean by the above question ...
  A: My advisor in grad school wrote a definitive paper on this while I was at Duke. I could only find ...
Sub-atomic physics1/28/2009
  Q: Is it known what causes radioisotopes disintegrate spontaneously. What i mean by the above question ...
  A: That's its ground state, isotopes with long-lived metastable states are rare. 137Cs doesn't have ...
Sub-atomic physics1/28/2009
  Q: Is it known what causes radioisotopes disintegrate spontaneously. What i mean by the above question ...
  A: If that was your question, you could've asked right away. I do teach how to calculate decay rates. ...
Sub-atomic physics1/28/2009
  Q: Do the protons and neutrons in a nucleus vibrate. ANSWER: It's part of a model of the nucleus (we ...
  A: No, the strength of the force doesn't vary between nucleons. But it is short range so it only acts ...
physics tatto help....:)1/28/2009
  Q: i was hoping you could help me with a tatto design i already have the fourier transform on one arm i ...
  A: I'll have to think about this, so I may follow up with another answer. The first things that come ...
Sub-atomic physics1/28/2009
  Q: Do the protons and neutrons in a nucleus vibrate. ANSWER: It's part of a model of the nucleus (we ...
  A: The strength of the strong nuclear force doesn't depend on which isotope it's in. It's 137 times ...
Sub-atomic physics1/28/2009
  Q: Do the protons and neutrons in a nucleus vibrate.
  A: It's part of a model of the nucleus (we have no exact formulae for the strong nuclear force, they're ...
another question...1/28/2009
  Q: it was silly, I guess there was something I misread, so I'm sorry about wasting your time, but I ...
  A: Well, four dimensions are all we observe. And as far as time "accelerating," you're referencing ...
another question...1/27/2009
  Q: it was silly, I guess there was something I misread, so I'm sorry about wasting your time, but I ...
  A: Not silly, just a bit inverted. Anyhow, we measure the physical second in terms of oscillations of ...
I'm not sure, that's what I wanted to know1/27/2009
  Q: If something was standing entirely still, with a velocity of zero, would it be two dimensional? Is ...
  A: Ummm...you've got it slightly backwards both from a relativity standpoint and a quantum mechanics ...
Physics1/27/2009
  Q: My son is doing a science project on how far a water balloon can be thrown before it breaks. My ...
  A: The physics of breaking the balloon involves the breaking strain of a highly elastic material. The ...
ceramic paint additive for heat reflection1/23/2009
  Q: I purchaced a ceramic paint additive which is supposed to reflect heat back into the heated space of ...
  A: I did some research, and found that your laser thermometer may indeed be being affected by the paint ...
ceramic paint additive for heat reflection1/22/2009
  Q: I purchaced a ceramic paint additive which is supposed to reflect heat back into the heated space of ...
  A: Paint is thin, it's not going to do much at all. Your laser thermometer measures the temperature of ...
Regarding atoms1/22/2009
  Q: Has a proton, electron or an atom had ever been seen individually? We say that proton and neutron ...
  A: Yes, we have, on all counts. We image atoms with many types of advanced microscopes (atomic force, ...
production of electricity1/22/2009
  Q: Is there any process to produce electricity only by permanent magnet? I mean to say the production ...
  A: Nope, nothing I know of except to produce uncontrolled eddy currents. Those would be channelled ...
physics1/22/2009
  Q: My six year old son who is very into math and science is playing in the tub with a plastic drinking ...
  A: Yes, cohesion. Water is a polar molecule, the water molecules tend to line up next to other water ...
Sonic Boom1/15/2009
  Q: Could you please give me an idea of a science experiment that I could use for my sonic boom topic? ...
  A: To make a winning science fair project, your project should answer some kind of question. The only ...
Surface Tension1/15/2009
  Q: We know that mercury does not wet glass. Is there any material which is wetted by mercury?
  A: You would expect it to wet materials with similar chemical makeup, like another metal. Here's an ...
potential1/14/2009
  Q: why there is no acceleration when we transfer a charge from point a to point b in an electrostatic ...
  A: You set balanced forces as a condition in the initial problem, the result of which is an ...
Neutron hole1/14/2009
  Q: whilst reaserching CERN, I came across this site.Please take a look at it : ...
  A: I've read many of these websites, all of which are pure scare-mongering. Not only that, but the ...
Floating motorcycles across rivers1/14/2009
  Q: I am a Physics end user, but don't understand the process of figuring things out. I work and travel ...
  A: Is that the inner diameter, the outer diameter (which I will assume for this calculation), or the ...
Floating motorcycles across rivers1/13/2009
  Q: I am a Physics end user, but don't understand the process of figuring things out. I work and travel ...
  A: Archimedes' principle, you need to displace a weight of water equal to the weight of your gear. So ...
Gamma Rays1/12/2009
  Q: Hey, Goodnite. I was wondering if there was a specific range of frequencies from which Gamma Rays ...
  A: All x rays and gamma rays cause damage to cells. They're higher in energy than UV light, which also ...
Solar energy1/12/2009
  Q: Yes it is a 40 watt going to a 120v house current.Although i could try and find a smaller one if it ...
  A: Just google search "40 watt solar panel" and you'll find plenty of them. They all put out about 17 ...
earth's rotation1/12/2009
  Q: Sir- How much, if any, effect does the re-distribution of mass on the earths surface effect the ...
  A: No, the amount of mass that human activity shifts is absolutely tiny in comparison to the mass of ...
Freeze Drying1/11/2009
  Q: why is freeze-dried food mostly undamaged when defrosted?
  A: Well, it is quite damaged, but not as badly as if it was just fozen. They don't leave the water in ...
Gamma Rays1/11/2009
  Q: Hey, Goodnite. I was wondering if there was a specific range of frequencies from which Gamma Rays ...
  A: Not really, though they pass through you more easily at higher energies they have more energy to ...
Force and Density1/10/2009
  Q: Steve, Hello, I am a father who is helping his son on a science project, and I need some guidance ...
  A: The density doesn't affect it so much, the molecular binding forces do. That's far more complex, ...
is there a hand held device to measure the speed of light?1/10/2009
  Q: Could you tell me if there is a hand held device that can measure the speed of light? I’m ...
  A: Since the speed of light in a substance depends directly on the index of refraction, you can just ...
A 50 MILE DEEP HOLE1/10/2009
  Q: Yes is it possible if there was A 50 mile deep crater in the ground, There was A person all the way ...
  A: No, 50 miles deep the temperature would be so hot they'd die first. It's not the helicopter flying ...
scifi question for children's book1/9/2009
  Q: I write mystery fiction books for middle-school aged children, and I hope this is an appropriate ...
  A: Well, magnetic disturbances are easy. A standard iron meteorite would cause that. Or the heat from ...
Physics Project1/9/2009
  Q: We are currently working on an egg drop project with limited supplies. We can use: 1 sheet computer ...
  A: Ahh, it's egg-drop time. If the sandwich bag is zip-lock, so you can fill it with air, I'd try to ...
Bremsstrahlung Radiation1/9/2009
  Q: My understanding is the Bremsstrahlung Radiation occurs when a charged particle velocity changes ...
  A: No, that wouldn't work. Bremsstrahlung radiation is emitted with a very low cross-section at such ...
egg drop project1/9/2009
  Q: I have to do my egg drop project in my physic class and I totally have no clue on how to do it. What ...
  A: You want something that will provide even force and is pretty long, but will stay upright when it ...
Observational Theory on the Atlantis from Stargate: Atlantis1/9/2009
  Q: Good evening, A question in a fan forum has come concerning the city of Atlantis as depicted in the ...
  A: Your list of questions all have the same answer, Archimedes' principle. The buoyant force of an ...
"Gravity" in a Hollow Sphere1/8/2009
  Q: I know that because of Newton's shell theorem, the gravitational force inside a hollow sphere is ...
  A: Not the way you're thinking, the geometry of the sphere prevents it. It's basic geometry, anything ...
"Gravity" in a Hollow Sphere1/8/2009
  Q: I know that because of Newton's shell theorem, the gravitational force inside a hollow sphere is ...
  A: Of course it would, just spin it and you'll get just the force you mentioned to cause centripedal ...
solar energy1/8/2009
  Q: How do you make a homemade solar panel to absorb the sun's energy?
  A: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYeynLy6pj8 This shows how you can assemble them, but you aren't ...
Help!!!1/7/2009
  Q: I've been working on my science fair and i need to ask an expert in my field for my research. I can ...
  A: If that's your question, test it! That IS your science fair project. I'm not a biologist or an ...
potential energy1/7/2009
  Q: why we chosen the infinity as a Reference instead of the center of the earth in calculating the ...
  A: The choice is arbitrary, and meant for mathematical convenience. You can use the center of the Earth ...
maglev tech1/7/2009
  Q: i was wondering if you knew anything about maglev tech. because me and my group want to make a ...
  A: First, a few questions for clarification: What does the "ir" in "maglev car ir train" mean? You ...
Solar Energy1/7/2009
  Q: How can I electrically wire a solar panel to a light bulb to make it shine/work?
  A: Well, there are many ways this can be done. If you're trying to wire a small standard solar panel ...
Radiant Heat Shield1/7/2009
  Q: We have a ventless fireplace and in the nook above, we have placed our stereo equipment. The ...
  A: I don't have any information about the Thermo-Tec insulating mat because (I looked it up) they don't ...
Apparent weight of objects underwater and movement?1/7/2009
  Q: I am a keen angler and would like to ask for your help with understanding buoyancy, movement ...
  A: There's not a lot of difference in the actual total density of a fishing line. There are ...
The freezing of Ice1/6/2009
  Q: I may have made a mistake flooding mu backyard rink. I put down a plastic sheet and filled the rink ...
  A: No, ice is a pretty good insulator. It usually takes a lake a good four days or so to freeze. You ...
Apparent weight of objects underwater and movement?1/6/2009
  Q: I am a keen angler and would like to ask for your help with understanding buoyancy, movement ...
  A: If you want less resistance at the first bite, then having slack in the line would seem to be the ...
physics1/5/2009
  Q: ! can you help me choose the easiest physic investigatory project, without using expensive ...
  A: First, as a science fair director, I'd say to follow the links on our science fair website. My ...
Physics1/4/2009
  Q: Does temperature effect the speed of a falling object? ANSWER: Temperature of the object? No. ...
  A: You'd need a long drop from someplace really high up. And make sure that humidity didn't change. ...
Physics1/4/2009
  Q: Does temperature effect the speed of a falling object?
  A: Temperature of the object? No. Temperature of the air? Yes, it'll affect the viscosity of the ...
Special Relativity1/3/2009
  Q: I have some questions to ask. 1. Is it true that it takes an instant for light to travel any ...
  A: For the first one, by "an instant" I'll take it to mean zero time. That is what it takes, zero time ...
Several Questions12/24/2008
  Q: I hope you can answer the following: 1.Is work always a result of energy conversion? And what ...
  A: 1) No, work is not always the result of energy conversion. Example, your light bulb, where ...
upthrust12/19/2008
  Q: A man is in his boat and is floating on a still lake. he has some stones with him in the boat. If he ...
  A: The stones are more dense than water, so they will sink (I'm assuming he's not throwing pumice into ...
Help calculating torque12/19/2008
  Q: I'm working on a two-wheeled balancing robot, but am stuck and need help with calculating the torque ...
  A: So you've calculated the torque from gravity at the angle you want, now your motor has to be able to ...
Help calculating torque12/19/2008
  Q: I'm working on a two-wheeled balancing robot, but am stuck and need help with calculating the torque ...
  A: This project isn't going to be solved with simple equations, and you might want to find someone with ...
Help calculating torque12/18/2008
  Q: I'm working on a two-wheeled balancing robot, but am stuck and need help with calculating the torque ...
  A: Speed at which it moves does not relate directly to torque, acceleration does. The torque applied ...
Physics 11 Help12/18/2008
  Q: Why can gravitational potential energy be described as an arbitrary value?
  A: Only changes in potential energy matter. Where you start and where you end are the determining ...
special glasses12/17/2008
  Q: how can i see behind the things? for example i want to see if someone carrying a weapon behind his ...
  A: I think you mean through and not behind. For behind you just need a mirror to see around things. ...
Newton third law12/17/2008
  Q: I have a simple question but it is confusing for me. According to Newton's third law, For every ...
  A: There is an equal and opposite response. You are pushed back on by the stone that you throw. You ...
Ships on Water12/16/2008
  Q: I would like to know how ships can sail in water. I read that the Ships are constructued in such a ...
  A: Archimedes, the ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, discovered the principle that the buoyant ...
rotational mechanics12/16/2008
  Q: Sir, I asked you the following question. When a screw is rotated on a flat surface, it slows down. ...
  A: Ahhh, now I understand! Rotating a screw is usually done to insert it into wood, so I was ...
surface tension12/16/2008
  Q: Two hollow glass spheres contain a little water & mercury respectively.What will happen when the 2 ...
  A: The liquids will want to form spheres inside the spheres. The mercury will do a better job of this, ...
Spring12/15/2008
  Q: I have a problem and I can not solve it. We have a simple spring.We compress it and fix the current ...
  A: The answer you provide is correct indeed. The non-compressed spring will not spring open and stir ...
tire rubber12/14/2008
  Q: The question has come up here about what happens to all the rubber wearing off all the cars on the ...
  A: All of it, in a sense, but it depends somewhat on the type of road. This is a little outside my ...
Physics12/14/2008
  Q: Hey... I'm having a problem on my Physics homework Oh and by the way, i really need this to be ...
  A: It's a bad question, there's no way that the motorcycle can clear the second block even at infinite ...
What is a "heterostructure"?12/13/2008
  Q: In http://www.allexperts.com/user.cgi?m=6&catID=1358&qID=4723397 you said that a "complex ...
  A: Heterostructures are not my area of expertise, but have many unusual optical and electronic ...
projectiles12/13/2008
  Q: I have been asked to find the angle that gives maximum projectile arc length , in horizontal ...
  A: Angle? Seems incompatible with the phrase "horizontal projectiles." I assume you meant projectiles ...
Sparks12/13/2008
  Q: How do atoms behave in different wall sockets and what makes different colored sparks?
  A: Well, contaminant atoms will alter which type of atoms in a spark are emitting light. For example, ...
Physics12/12/2008
  Q: Respected sir, I am Mukul of grade 11 The following question was asked to me by my teacher: Explain ...
  A: I don't answer homework questions. However, you should investigate here: ...
Thermal Infrared Fluorescent Lamps?12/11/2008
  Q: Most fluorescent lamps emit light in visible range. Is it possible to build a fluorescent lamp that ...
  A: For 1) a UV lamp emits very very little power. It only needs a fraction of the power of an ...
A rolling ball12/11/2008
  Q: What physical formulas and laws are applied to a spherical ball rolling on a flat surface. does ...
  A: As far as rolling friction goes, no. Static friction is what actually applies. The response force ...
Thermal Infrared Fluorescent Lamps?12/11/2008
  Q: Most fluorescent lamps emit light in visible range. Is it possible to build a fluorescent lamp that ...
  A: For 1) It'll have to get "hot" to emit infrared, that's basic physics. Even if you pump it with a ...
Heat and temperature12/9/2008
  Q: suppose an object is kept in bright sunlight, it will become warm depending upon time of exposure ...
  A: Energy has entered. First law of thermodynamics, in fact. What makes it feel warm? A flow of ...
Optics: Spectrometer12/9/2008
  Q: Sir, Why we use to focus the spectrometer for paraleel beams and what is the method of doing this?
  A: We need to focus them to parallel beams in order to separate the beams based on their different ...
Capacity and voltage ratio11/30/2008
  Q: If you have a metallic sphere (which has a fixed capacitance of course) and inside that sphere you ...
  A: No, within the inner capacitors you will retain the same *net* charge of zero. If you nullify the ...
Capacity and voltage ratio11/30/2008
  Q: If you have a metallic sphere (which has a fixed capacitance of course) and inside that sphere you ...
  A: A sphere has a fixed capacitance relative to matter at infinity. If you put spheres inside it you ...
kepler's laws11/29/2008
  Q: If you know the mass of a object that is emitting a gravitational field and the radius between it ...
  A: If it's in a circular orbit and you know the radius PRECISELY, then yes. You have a known mass M ...
Helium11/28/2008
  Q: Steve how far can Helium be compressed to? This is just a hypothetical example of numbers, but if it ...
  A: That balloon would be heavier, not lighter. Helium can be compressed to incredibly high pressure, ...
- egg drop-- conceptual questions11/27/2008
  Q: We have been asked to build a vehicle that would safely carry an egg from a height of fifty feet. ...
  A: It would be completely inelastic (maximum energy absorption in the crushing vehicle). Impulse is ...
billiards, kinetic energy11/26/2008
  Q: i an new and i need help with two questions. 1) In billiards(pool), is it possible for the cue ball, ...
  A: The first one is easy, of course it's possible. That's why the ball stops, it transfers all its ...
PHYSICS11/26/2008
  Q: We know 2+2 is 4, but can physics present a working model as to how a cell upon cenception becomes ...
  A: I won't ask who "they" are, you should just be aware that such a statement is a little vague. The ...
PHYSICS11/26/2008
  Q: Why does the ocean appear blue?
  A: This question has been answered well by others: ...
PHYSICS11/26/2008
  Q: We know 2+2 is 4, but can physics present a working model as to how a cell upon cenception becomes ...
  A: Matter is not created from less matter. The cells ingest organic matter (amino acids, proteins, ...
Special Theory of Relativity11/26/2008
  Q: It is said that Einstein in his teenage years, asked the question "what would I see in a mirror if I ...
  A: This question usually assume you're looking at a clock in the mirror. You may as well just look ...
object around the earth11/26/2008
  Q: I would like to know whether just as earth revolves around the Sun naturally, can we have an object ...
  A: It's called the Moon. As tempted as I was to leave that as my answer to your question, I feel like ...
INQUIRY11/25/2008
  Q: I m an engineer , unfortuntly after taking my bachelor degree I found that I unsatisfied with ...
  A: You wrote that you enjoyed puzzling out physics and mathematical problems. In modern industry this ...
einstein11/25/2008
  Q: my question is regarding the famous equation E=mc squared. I understand this to mean that each tiny ...
  A: They all have "mass," therefore they have the kind of energy you're talking about. But mass does ...
Wave Interference11/25/2008
  Q: I am doing a physics experiment,connecting two speakers to emit same sound frequency to produce node ...
  A: Easy, in theory. Make them out of phase by 180 degrees. So possibly difficult to delay the signal ...
Egg drop- energy conservation11/25/2008
  Q: how would you explain the concept of conservation of energy using equations for an egg drop? Thanks
  A: Well, you're dropping eggs. So first you have the drop from height h. mgh = 1/2 mv^2, where m is ...
Energy11/25/2008
  Q: Why force can't be an energy? Although I know that the force has to multiply the distance so as to ...
  A: What do you mean, why can't it be an energy? That is, in a sense, like asking why sand can't be a ...
electricity11/24/2008
  Q: How much energy could be gained from a 7" diameter circular shape brace (Cu) coil of 300 turnes. The ...
  A: The details aren't quite right, so you should re-pose the question or follow the below link. For ...
galaxy size11/24/2008
  Q: As I understand, the planets revolve around the Sun because of the gravitational pull of the Sun. ...
  A: The range of the gravitational force is infinite, though it gets dramatically weaker with distance ...
Radium watch dial risks?11/23/2008
  Q: While I am not one of those people who worries about every little environmental contaminant, I do ...
  A: Well, having taught radiation safety, I may be able to apply some perspective. It's surprising how ...
bear-bull momentum11/23/2008
  Q: Me and my friends are debating something regarding a bear and a bull. The average 500 kilogram can ...
  A: You'll note that the units are the same for mass*velocity and force*time. There's a reason, ...
quantum11/23/2008
  Q: I was wondering if you could help me out. Why can't you measure both the location and velocity of a ...
  A: If you don't interact with a particle, you can't detect it because you didn't have an interaction to ...
INQUIRY11/22/2008
  Q: I m an engineer , unfortuntly after taking my bachelor degree I found that I unsatisfied with ...
  A: There are jobs in this field, though often applied to theoretical situations involving the real ...
speed of electron11/21/2008
  Q: sir what is the speed of electron in a conductor and what will be it's speed if it is connected to ...
  A: The speed of an electron in a conductor depends on its quantum state, and therefore I'd need more ...
bear-bull momentum11/21/2008
  Q: Me and my friends are debating something regarding a bear and a bull. The average 500 kilogram can ...
  A: I know I've answered this before, but can't find the original question. I'll give you my thoughts, ...
Nuclei Single-particles Harmonic Oscillator Potential11/21/2008
  Q: I am looking into the calculations of a harmonic oscillator potential for nuclei single-particles. ...
  A: First, you're relying on a brief wiki instead of a textbook. Your local library probably has the ...
Help!11/20/2008
  Q: So, in my physics class we just dropped a plastic egg filled with metal washers from the ceiling. It ...
  A: Never seen a lab quite like that, so it would help if you followed up with some more details, but ...
boat hull11/20/2008
  Q: Is there a way to determine if the balsa core sandwiched between 2 layers of fiberglass in a small ...
  A: That would work, probably. Air in the upper parts of the hull would significantly muffle the sound ...
quantum11/20/2008
  Q: I was wondering if you could help me out. Why can't you measure both the location and velocity of a ...
  A: The act of measuring something requires it to interact with another quantum of matter or energy at a ...
electromagnetism11/20/2008
  Q: Estimate the magnetic field that might be obtained close to a thick piece of copper wire which is ...
  A: You'll have to look up the maximum amperage or the starting amperage of the battery for the car ...
boat hull11/20/2008
  Q: Is there a way to determine if the balsa core sandwiched between 2 layers of fiberglass in a small ...
  A: Yes, estimate the volume of the balsa (area estimate times thickness) and do the same for the ...
Query about the electromagnetic forces.11/19/2008
  Q: Sir, I want to know how the interaction between the two poles of a magnet i.e. like and unlike poles ...
  A: Wow, you really asked a difficult question to answer. Unfortunately, the actual answer to this ...
our vision11/19/2008
  Q: When I stand in the roof of a top building, I see a tree or a tower as the end point (i.e., I see ...
  A: I'll take a stab at your question, though it's a little unclear. By "farmost thing" I think you ...
Thermodynamics11/18/2008
  Q: (1)Is the force of the electromagnetic attraction of the molecules of a gas at high pressure ...
  A: 1) Thermal interchange of energy happens during collisions between molecules. They are the source ...
Magnetic reaction time11/18/2008
  Q: What is the speed at which magnetic interactions occur? I realize in some sense this may not be an ...
  A: The magnetic field will become higher due to length contraction nearer to the speed of light. Same ...
Magnetic reaction time11/17/2008
  Q: What is the speed at which magnetic interactions occur? I realize in some sense this may not be an ...
  A: As light is composed of electromagnetic fields, magnetic information is indeed transmitted at the ...
newton's third law of motion11/17/2008
  Q: i am always confused about this law((action====reaction)) Is there any situation in which when the ...
  A: Water provides us with an equal reaction force, but that force is not sufficient to move our large ...
Momentum11/17/2008
  Q: Greetings sir, I am a high school senior and have troubled you in the past.So sorry to bother you ...
  A: No problem on the repeat question. The statement is absolutely correct. Density of metal has ...
Question11/16/2008
  Q: I have a friend who is a chemical engineer, though, he was unable to help me but so far. ...I have ...
  A: The slowdown in the flow of the fluid from injecting the CO2 (whatever your backflow pressure) would ...
Thermodynamics11/16/2008
  Q: (1)Is the force of the electromagnetic attraction of the molecules of a gas at high pressure ...
  A: This is a lot of questions all at once. Yes, it is a function of their position. Not applicable ...
Thermal Infrared Fluorescent Lamps?11/15/2008
  Q: Most fluorescent lamps emit light in visible range. Is it possible to build a fluorescent lamp that ...
  A: It is possible, but it would be expensive and really no more efficient than simply heating a surface ...
RF cooling?!11/15/2008
  Q: Just how can microwaves be used to cool something? Usually they heat things up. ...
  A: The microwaves have momentum, which can be used to cancel out the momentum of motion in tiny ...
newtons laws(pulleys)11/14/2008
  Q: this is a question in my text book,but its kinda like a doubt.the text book says tat if we assume ...
  A: As the 15 kg mass moves down it needs to extend the string on both sides. For every unit distance ...
Work done by a magnet11/14/2008
  Q: I am curious to know if work is done by a magnet in attracting a magnetic material. Since there is a ...
  A: Technically the work isn't done by the magnet itself. Technically the work is done by the response ...
Understanding.11/14/2008
  Q: I subscribed to the Cern Courier and came across this page: The Higgs and LHC. Whilst reading it I ...
  A: Wait, it's not still the woman worried about the LHC causing global destruction, is it? This quote ...
Reductionism Fate11/14/2008
  Q: First off, you seemed the most qualified of everyone here I've looked through, so even if you can't ...
  A: Nuclear fission (where there are many outcomes to the same reaction, as nuclei split unevenly and ...
energy levels11/14/2008
  Q: I am working on a project involving co2 gas under high pressure.It is my understanding that (1)there ...
  A: Phonons are caused by collisions between atoms, the interchange of energy. They are the quantum ...
Helicopter Physics11/13/2008
  Q: I guess I should have been more clear on my last question. I am trying to figure out how fast a RC ...
  A: I'm trying to steer you clear of the Navier-Stokes equation, so try this on for size: ...
Speed of light, time, nuclear fission.11/13/2008
  Q: i have a question concerning the speed of light and special relativity. Let's assume an individual ...
  A: You said the speed of light, so I'll answer for that condition. Nothing happens, because time would ...
condensation11/13/2008
  Q: This may be stupid to you, But I just want to know exactly why and if I can stop it. I built this ...
  A: I have no idea what this box is for, but I'm going to say to remove a tiny piece of the seal at a ...
condensation11/13/2008
  Q: This may be stupid to you, But I just want to know exactly why and if I can stop it. I built this ...
  A: Air tight fit is both a benefit and a problem. On one hand, no moisture can get in, on the other ...
force11/13/2008
  Q: Where do forces come from? And can a body, in and of itself, possess a force as it possesses other ...
  A: Forces are the interactions between objects, not a quantity an object may possess. Where they come ...
physics11/13/2008
  Q: How are gravitational fields and electric fields similar? How are they different?
  A: They both have the same form, where the force depends on a constant of nature, a product of a ...
Cold Energy11/12/2008
  Q: When matter is cold that basically means the particles are slowed down inside of its atoms? Is there ...
  A: Heat is a form of energy. Temperature is directly related to the energy content of material. ...
Reductionism Fate11/12/2008
  Q: First off, you seemed the most qualified of everyone here I've looked through, so even if you can't ...
  A: To the best of our scientific knowledge, the philosophy of Reductionism is absolutely false. The ...
Circles,11/12/2008
  Q: I have had some sleepless nights recently thinking about circles, i (think i) know that a body ...
  A: I will assume you mean with constant velocity to make this easier. This is almost more of a ...
Work done by a magnet11/12/2008
  Q: I am curious to know if work is done by a magnet in attracting a magnetic material. Since there is a ...
  A: Work is done on a magnetic material. The magnetic domains in the material re-align with the ...
Force and contact time11/12/2008
  Q: Nelson, I am a 3rd Degree black belt in Taekwondo and regularly break both wood and concrete. I ...
  A: Breaking stuff with your hands and feet is a little out of my experience range, but I'll take this ...
energy levels11/10/2008
  Q: I am working on a project involving co2 gas under high pressure.It is my understanding that (1)there ...
  A: Temperature is technically the result of the number of available quantum states of the molecules. ...
Drag11/10/2008
  Q: Steve, if you are driving a car down the road at 65 MPH, how much wind force is pushed onto the road ...
  A: Wind speed being pushed down on the road...that quantity doesn't make sense unfortunately. You can ...
Pseudo Geiger Mueller detector11/8/2008
  Q: Ran into what I thought was a really neat demo which showed the basic concept of radiation detection ...
  A: First, thanks for showing me this site, it's fantastic. I'm always looking for neat do-it-yourself ...
Why?11/8/2008
  Q: can you please explain why water sprays off a rapidly turning bicycle wheel? Thanks!
  A: Inertia. The water, moving with the wheel, has momentum and inertia. The forces that cause the ...
Center of Mass11/8/2008
  Q: A uniform circular plate of radius 2R has a circular hole of radius R cut out of it. The center C' ...
  A: Well, for one thing the units don't even match up. You're trying to subtract kg*m from kg^2 ...
0 Mass11/7/2008
  Q: Dr. Nelson: Would you please explain the menaing of a particle with 0 mass? If something has 0 ...
  A: A photon is a quantum, or particle, in that you can only absorb or emit one as a whole unit. You ...
energy levels11/7/2008
  Q: I am working on a project involving co2 gas under high pressure.It is my understanding that ...
  A: The kinetic energy of gas molecules depends only on their temperature. Pressure depends on both ...
Magnet11/6/2008
  Q: I just wanted to know if there is a super magnet (no bigger than your fist) that can move a car when ...
  A: They make magnets with a few hundred pounds of lifting strength, but remember Newton's Laws...it's ...
Double slit experiment11/6/2008
  Q: In the double slit experiment, why does an interference pattern show up behind the slits when ...
  A: There's a great youtube video for this which explains it all, but requires some further explanation: ...
Magnet11/6/2008
  Q: I just wanted to know if there is a super magnet (no bigger than your fist) that can move a car when ...
  A: Depends on the car, the strength of the magnet (I know some that could have a pull of hundreds of ...
reg waves in sea11/5/2008
  Q: What causes waves in the sea?. Why some seas have no or very less waves? Regards. Moosa
  A: This is very complex indeed. Motion of water is converted into waves, this motion can come from ...
Current at all points?11/5/2008
  Q: My question concerns the fact that in a simple series circuit, the current is the same at all points ...
  A: Of course there's a time lag, nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. The electric field ...
Current at all points?11/5/2008
  Q: My question concerns the fact that in a simple series circuit, the current is the same at all points ...
  A: Yes, there's a very very slight difference in charge distributions around a circuit that keeps ...
Physical characteristics of liquids splashing11/4/2008
  Q: I am not putting you on. I seriously am curious about this. Not that I am a hypocondriac about ...
  A: The amount of splashback will be far less important than the content. The liquid with downward ...
geosynchronous orbit??11/4/2008
  Q: A satelite in a geosynchronous orbit has a period of revolution of: a) 5400 s b) 3600 s c) 43200 s ...
  A: I don't answer homework questions directly, so I can't just point you at a formula. Geosynchronous ...
bernouli's theroem11/4/2008
  Q: When an object is moving, it has two kinds of energies.. Kinetic energy(by virtue of its movement) ...
  A: These are a lot of questions. First, this is not a new type of energy, pressure is energy density ...
Acceleration10/31/2008
  Q: In the car, what can produce acceleration? Thanks in advance!
  A: Applied forces produce acceleration. When the engine applies torque to the wheels, the wheels apply ...
x-ray machine10/31/2008
  Q: I'm not sure if i'm in the correct area, but i thought i'd give it a shot anyways. So here it goes: ...
  A: Tantalum, with the drawback that it's hard to machine. Tantalum has all the properties you mention ...
Mass10/29/2008
  Q: So what causes something to have its mass?
  A: The current theory (unproven) is that this is caused by something called the Higgs boson. This has ...
Gravity10/28/2008
  Q: What is gravity? Why don't we know what gravity is? ANSWER: We do know what gravity is, although ...
  A: No, in my first sentence I told you what gravitation is. It *is* the distortion of spacetime. Then ...
Room Temperature10/28/2008
  Q: If you have a cold room (say 10 degC) and you want to heat the room to say 20 degC so you get a ...
  A: Yep, this one's easy for me to answer because you were smart enough to answer it for yourself with ...
Gravity10/28/2008
  Q: What is gravity? Why don't we know what gravity is? ANSWER: We do know what gravity is, although ...
  A: Gravitation is the stretching or curving of spacetime. If you put your pencil on the Earth, you put ...
Now its Newton10/27/2008
  Q: I hope I don't sound like a botheration to you but I'm preparing for my final exams at senior high ...
  A: Your first of your two equations is correct, the sum of forces = mass*acceleration. Technically ...
Physics10/27/2008
  Q: I just need a better understanding on how right-angled prisms work dealing with reflection. Thank ...
  A: Right-angle prisms generally rely on total internal reflection. ...
Blocking the Sun for Climate Control10/27/2008
  Q: Steve, this may sound stupid to you but if one were to place on top of a blimp a "sun shade/sun ...
  A: Complex question, but the sun has an angle due to its size of 0.5 degrees, so if you fly it high ...
Gravity10/26/2008
  Q: What is gravity? Why don't we know what gravity is?
  A: We do know what gravity is, although we've never directly observed a gravitational wave. General ...
electronics10/25/2008
  Q: Sir! why do different colours appear instead of real ones on a TV screen when a magnet is brought ...
  A: Magnets deflect moving charged particles. TV phosphors are illuminated by a beam of electrons, ...
Audio/Video recordings10/25/2008
  Q: I wonder how information are stored in audio tapes and video tape/CDs?. If magnets store these ...
  A: There are areas of ferromagnetic material on these tapes. Atoms in ferromagnetic material have ...
magnetic permability10/25/2008
  Q: I am stuck with a concept in physics. I am using the magnetic permabililty of air in an equation but ...
  A: Currents traveling in the same direction will attract one another, so I assume you meant attractive ...
quanta of the electromagnetic force10/24/2008
  Q: Can you explain what is meant by the universe's Total mass deficit ? What is anti matter ? Can a ...
  A: Mass deficit usually refers to galactic mass deficit. We don't observe enough matter in galaxies to ...
Twilight detector10/22/2008
  Q: i would like to construct a simple twilight detector lamp for my electrical engineering class. I ...
  A: These devices basically consist of a photodiode or solar cell and a voltage detector. ...
antifreeze10/22/2008
  Q: Steve... If the antfreeze in my car reads -20 degrees C when tested, what will happen if the ...
  A: We used to keep dry ice (-78C) in antifreeze all the time and it would just be a little thick. But ...
sequential inflation of a garden hose10/21/2008
  Q: I have taken physics in undergrad. How can i vary the length and width of a rubber or plastic tube ...
  A: Not really, you want a pressure that you set as the maximum before the valves open. It's kinda like ...
drift velocity ¤t electricity10/18/2008
  Q: why is the direction of current & drift velocity same if particle is positive ,& direction of ...
  A: Current is defined as going from positive potential to negative potential. The drift velocity is ...
friction10/16/2008
  Q: My question is that (1)by experience we know that wide tyres offer better traction to a vehicle, ...
  A: That appears to be one of the three major functions of tread, to cut through dirt and other ...
General Relativity10/16/2008
  Q: I read that according to General Relativity Theory, gravitation is not a force but something else. ...
  A: A force is that which causes a body with mass to accelerate. Therefore gravitation is a force. ...
Cause of gravitational force10/16/2008
  Q: What is the cause of gravitational force between two bodies? What makes two bodies to attract each ...
  A: ***As a warning, you're asking questions to which there are no quick and simple answers. There's no ...
Clouds10/15/2008
  Q: Small clouds in the sky seems to move in the sky and unite. What makes the clouds to move and unite ...
  A: They usually don't join, they usually just drift along, but occasionally they do. Appearances can ...
Theories10/15/2008
  Q: What exactly qualifies a theory (such as general relativity, or any other physical theory) and how ...
  A: Interesting question. Anyone can have a theory. An *accepted* theory is one that's presented ...
gravitational force10/15/2008
  Q: This may be a stupid question but here it is. Would it be possible to build something so massive ...
  A: It doesn't have to be large at all, we measure this all the time. It's a classic experiment called ...
friction10/14/2008
  Q: My question is that (1)by experience we know that wide tyres offer better traction to a vehicle, ...
  A: They're not incompatible, the force of friction being area-independent is somewhat dependent on the ...
physics10/8/2008
  Q: Can water be compressed to a solid? As in: A theoretical planet composed entirely of water, about ...
  A: See here for the many anomalous properties of water: http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/anmlies.html ...
Hazards of 400 nm lasers?10/8/2008
  Q: What hazards -- other than thermal burns -- does a 400-nanometer-wavelength continuous [i.e. ...
  A: Mostly the hazards you saw on the wiki page you attached to the question. The human eye can see ...
Spinning Tops10/8/2008
  Q: How can I explain the physics principles involved in spinning tops to 5th grade students? It is a ...
  A: There's a good demonstration you can do if you can find a chair or stool that rotates and a bicycle ...
About generation of current from rotional motion10/8/2008
  Q: Nelson. I am a molecular biology major with interest in, but little understanding of, various ...
  A: The tube must have been connected to a generating mechanism more than just a diode. A diode doesn't ...
Electric Field and Application10/7/2008
  Q: What is the importance/relevance to know the electric field distribution of a electrical apparatus? ...
  A: Electric field intensity is important to know for a couple of reasons I can think of off the top of ...
Conservation of Energy10/6/2008
  Q: According to the law of conservation of energy, the energy is always preserved. Suppose if eletrical ...
  A: If the energy is absorbed in the atmosphere it is turned (by the molecules in the atmosphere) into ...
Cycling backwards10/5/2008
  Q: Sir ill be highly obliged if you could answer this question my sister put to me the other day... Q. ...
  A: On some stunt bikes it is actually possible to pedal backwards, but on most bikes you can't. Listen ...
calorimetry10/5/2008
  Q: 1) if we take a solid which contracts on being melted(like, for example ice which contracts due to ...
  A: Water exhibits anomalous behavior. Since I'm a nuclear physicist, I consulted with friends in ...
Going for Grey9/28/2008
  Q: Am I correct in thinking that if traveling at close to the speed on light, the frequency that light ...
  A: Yes, that's the doppler shift. An object which was grey would have all its light shifted towards ...
Calculate properties of matter9/28/2008
  Q: I want to calculate the mass properties or density of the matter of interest //Mohan ANSWER: No, ...
  A: We can't simply calculate mass, mass is a measured quantity. It's observed in the laboratory, not ...
Calculate properties of matter9/27/2008
  Q: I want to calculate the mass properties or density of the matter of interest //Mohan
  A: No, using only the speed of light it is not possible to calculate such properties. You need many ...
Going for Grey9/26/2008
  Q: Is there an opposite colour to grey? In the same way that red and green are opposite.
  A: Sort answer: no. Slightly longer discussion. Red and Green are not physically "opposite." This ...
Law of gravitation9/26/2008
  Q: I read that according to Law of Gravitation all bodies in the universe attract each other. Does it ...
  A: Of course the Earth is far larger than the mountains that sit on it. So the mountains may attract ...
LHC9/25/2008
  Q: So do you think i'm worrying over nothing. The whole thing has mad me very ill and I just wanted ...
  A: I'm not remotely qualified to give you medical advice. Personally I would chalk this up to an ...
coulomb charge and electrolysis9/25/2008
  Q: my question is i have a 2C charge, how to i make it a positive anode and negative cathode with this ...
  A: You make a positive anode and negative cathode by putting 2 C of charge on the positive anode and -2 ...
Friction9/24/2008
  Q: When a block rests on a truck that is moving with uniform velocity, the block also moves with the ...
  A: The force of friction is zero in this case, as there is no acceleration. So you don't need to go ...
speed of light9/22/2008
  Q: If you were moving half the speed of light and you shined a light infront of yourself, would that ...
  A: No, light always travels the same speed. It's one of the more difficult notions of relativity, I ...
speed of light9/22/2008
  Q: If you were moving half the speed of light and you shined a light infront of yourself, would that ...
  A: Moving at half the speed of light relative to what? Presumably, you mean an observer watching the ...
gravitation9/21/2008
  Q: why is the gravitational potential enrergy of a body on mass m the surface of earth in the ...
  A: It's not U=-GMm/r^2, it's U=-GMm/r. You were thinking of the equation for force and not energy. ...
electrical9/20/2008
  Q: can 11kv of electricity would be converted into light to pass through fiber optics ANSWER: Short ...
  A: Nothing can pass light through the fiber with 100% efficiency, especially over that extreme ...
LHC9/20/2008
  Q: I have read on the CERN website that stable black holes if produced could settle into the core of ...
  A: Oh, yes. You keep saying that you've gotten information from the CERN website. You should go here: ...
LHC9/20/2008
  Q: Which can be absorbed by the earth. If this were to happen then how long would it take to destroy ...
  A: I'm trying to not be offended that you ignored my explanation of how this is impossible and ...
fiber optic cable9/19/2008
  Q: If fiber optic cable is made out of very thin strands of glass, how can it be flexible? It seems ...
  A: Nope, kinda like a copper plate is quite hard but thin copper wire is quite flexible. It's a matter ...
Vectors/Termianl velocity experiment9/19/2008
  Q: For a project at school I was going to measure the terminal velocity of objects in air by using a ...
  A: The problem here is that you have to measure the speed of the air at the height of the object. If ...
LHC9/19/2008
  Q: Which can be absorbed by the earth. If this were to happen then how long would it take to destroy ...
  A: Protons with even higher energy than the LHC can produce would be far more likely to produce black ...
proving an arguement with a friend9/19/2008
  Q: So my friend and I were arguing over how sniping can all calculated with calculus, including factors ...
  A: Anyone who turns a character in a video game knows that video games are digital and only have finite ...
electrical9/18/2008
  Q: can 11kv of electricity would be converted into light to pass through fiber optics
  A: Short answer: yes. Longer answer: Not with 100% efficiency, no, you need something like a laser ...
Water Boiling9/17/2008
  Q: She says that something is released in the bubbles formed when you boil water. If this is so can ...
  A: Well obviously something fills the bubbles or they'd collapse. That's air for the little bubbles ...
Physics9/17/2008
  Q: what is used to calculate the speed of sound
  A: Either the dispersion relation for the fluid that the sound travels in, or a direct measurement are ...
momentum9/17/2008
  Q: Which should be the best on knocking the bear down- a lead bullet or a rubber bullet with the same ...
  A: This question is a little vague. What bear? Is it moving, standing, etc? Does the fact that a ...
radioactive decay9/16/2008
  Q: my question arises from the fact that it seems not to exist information at atom-level that makes one ...
  A: Interesting question, I've wondered about something that sounds along these lines when I've talked ...
quantum computers9/16/2008
  Q: Is a quantum chemical computer possible? Could you explain further? ANSWER: Yes. No. Well, a ...
  A: Ahhh, we're mixing chemical computers with quantum computers. Quantum computers generally are ...
radioactive decay9/16/2008
  Q: my question arises from the fact that it seems not to exist information at atom-level that makes one ...
  A: I'm not sure what a decay ratio is, but I'll assume you mean either a half-life or a fraction of ...
quantum computers9/16/2008
  Q: Is a quantum chemical computer possible? Could you explain further?
  A: Yes. No. Well, a quantum computer is possible. What you mean by a quantum chemical computer is ...
Time9/15/2008
  Q: Steve, I think it's generally accepted that time changes due to velocity and gravity. Beyond ...
  A: The speed of light being constant is well-measured, not assumed. The theory of relativity depends ...
Time9/14/2008
  Q: Steve, I think it's generally accepted that time changes due to velocity and gravity. Beyond ...
  A: We have many experimental proofs, from particles whose half-life is altered (high energy cosmic ...
need help with ohm's law9/14/2008
  Q: i am having a problem in making authentic questions about ohm's law please give me some authentic ...
  A: You can ask about the resistance of a wire of length L, area A, and resistivity rho. You can sketch ...
LHC9/14/2008
  Q: I have been very worried about this experiment and have become very ill. I have read the conflicting ...
  A: If there was any danger, we'd all have been destroyed naturally billions of years ago. It really is ...
making mass from energy9/12/2008
  Q: In nuclear physics we often hear about energy coming from mass e.g.Nuclear bombs and nuclear power. ...
  A: That's impossible, becuase you'd have to make the components of anti-hydrogen, which then annihilate ...
making mass from energy9/11/2008
  Q: In nuclear physics we often hear about energy coming from mass e.g.Nuclear bombs and nuclear power. ...
  A: Of course, high-energy photons are naturally converted to matter-antimatter pairs all around you, ...
Small EMP9/11/2008
  Q: I've been told that one of the few causes of an EMP is a large explosion. Is there anyway to create ...
  A: There's nothing minor you can set up next to a building. It has to have too much energy to cause ...
Small EMP9/11/2008
  Q: I've been told that one of the few causes of an EMP is a large explosion. Is there anyway to create ...
  A: Yes, but no explosion. A single pulse from a Tesla coil will do the trick. However, the energy ...
CLouds9/10/2008
  Q: I asked this question of a meteorologist, but he kept saying that the answer lay in surface ...
  A: He probably interpreted your question as meaning how a single droplet wouldn't blow up. Not the ...
Protons9/10/2008
  Q: Steve Where do scientists get the protons from to use in experiments? Simon
  A: That's shockingly easy in terms of many things scientists do, though I understand how "proton beams" ...
Earth's inner liquid dynamo9/10/2008
  Q: this is a follow up in a way. I thought the Dynamo was producing the Earth's magnetic field. Is it ...
  A: You might want to consider asking a geophysicist about the relationship between the dynamo and ...
Science9/10/2008
  Q: how centripetal force is involved in the operation of a washing machine? How the spin dryer of the ...
  A: In order to keep the clothes spinning in a circle, the barrel of the dryer presses against them to ...
earth's mantle9/9/2008
  Q: Perhaps this isn't exactly your field but I can't get an answer anywhere? I understand that the ...
  A: You don't have to add energy for that, the momentum of the Earth's inner liquid dynamo is enormous ...
electricity9/9/2008
  Q: sir what is terminal velocity and drift velocity and is there any way to construct two wires of same ...
  A: Terminal velocity is generally used to refer to the velocity a falling body achieves where its air ...
Charging an inductor9/9/2008
  Q: I am experimenting with voltage gains based on LC ratios and low coupling between a primary and ...
  A: The rate of change of the current may be slower, but the total magnetic flux (field times area) may ...
LHC9/8/2008
  Q: im pretty sure you know what the LHC or CERN im worried because in 2 days they will start it up and ...
  A: Yes, it's telling you that your mind correctly identified black holes and strange matter eating the ...
earth's mantle9/8/2008
  Q: Perhaps this isn't exactly your field but I can't get an answer anywhere? I understand that the ...
  A: The magnitude of the Earth's size is perhaps what makes the analogy not quite work. A pan of milk ...
Charging an inductor9/8/2008
  Q: I am experimenting with voltage gains based on LC ratios and low coupling between a primary and ...
  A: The voltage depends greatly on the rate of change of the peak magnetic field in the secondary coil. ...
earth's mantle9/8/2008
  Q: Perhaps this isn't exactly your field but I can't get an answer anywhere? I understand that the ...
  A: Nuclear decay is the primary thing *adding* heat to the mantle, but mostly it's just really hot and ...
about drinking bird9/7/2008
  Q: Have you heard about drinking bird?? Do you think the drinking bird performs work? ANSWER: I've ...
  A: No, the bird does indeed work (as in it functions as designed). Gravity is the force that acts on ...
Twins paradox9/6/2008
  Q: As I understand it (or I suppose I should say "if"), it is deemed a paradox not because the twins ...
  A: Here's a way to think about it that most explanations don't usually cover. Every inertial reference ...
microwaved water9/6/2008
  Q: I have noticed that when heating water to the boiling point in a microwave in a ceramic cup, the hot ...
  A: The water is superheated, meaning above its boiling point. The problem is that there are no places ...
i need ur help9/4/2008
  Q: i have been admitted to a institution to read physics and solar energy and i dont know anything ...
  A: If would help if I knew something about the institution and if you can be more specific about what ...
another bet9/2/2008
  Q: in theory: I was once told that if you have a rifle in a vice at a specific height and also had a ...
  A: In a classical approximation this statement is true. This is in a vacuum, and neglecting the ...
egg drop container9/2/2008
  Q: I need a good egg drop container for school all my ideas fail!!!!!!!!!!Must not use these items- ~ ...
  A: My first thought is to use a bag of Jell-O. Simple, effective. Gel up the egg inside the gelatin. ...
electricity and power9/2/2008
  Q: I have a 55 watt power source and need to power a machine. Is there a way to increase the power ...
  A: There are many remote controls (look at your basic RC car with a manually-operated remote control) ...
electricity and power9/2/2008
  Q: I have a 55 watt power source and need to power a machine. Is there a way to increase the power ...
  A: Not with a standard computer. Most standard computer cases require at least 230 Watts of power at ...
"Gravitational Constant"9/1/2008
  Q: Sorry to bother you with what is probably a dumb question. But, if gravitational attraction between ...
  A: The gravitational force is *approximately* constant in our human experience, because the distances ...
air compression9/1/2008
  Q: I have a steel tank 70 cubic feet in volume. I have an air compressor, output 900 CFM @ 350 psi. ...
  A: Seems simple enough. The product of the absolute pressure (gauge pressure minus atmospheric ...
Dust on my TV screen8/31/2008
  Q: As of late, dust has been forming on my TV screen in an odd manner. It forms in the exact center, ...
  A: The same thing happens to my TV! There must be more static electricity building up in that region. ...
lorentz transformation?8/31/2008
  Q: what is lorentz transformation? and what do the symbols mean? and i have found 2 different equations ...
  A: Well, technically the second one refers to a time interval and not an absolute time. But it's ...
electricity and magnetism8/30/2008
  Q: . 1) sir convential current says it flows from positive to negative charge sir what is the positive ...
  A: Positive charges in matter are protons. Atoms are neutral, because they contain equal numbers of ...
Response to a past question8/27/2008
  Q: i tried to send a follow up, but it wouldnt work. my past question was about relativistic mass. and ...
  A: You can measure it. Say you know its charge and you accelerate it across a voltage (to give it a ...
gravitation8/25/2008
  Q: few questions 1) why the earth's orbit is like an ellipse why it's not a circle? 2) if the pull of ...
  A: It would increase in radius, which would sap some of the potential energy and slow it back down at ...
gravitation8/25/2008
  Q: few questions 1) why the earth's orbit is like an ellipse why it's not a circle? 2) if the pull of ...
  A: I'll try to answer them in order: 1) This is one of Kepler's observational laws. The orbit would ...
Atmospheric explosive phenomenon8/24/2008
  Q: I hope you are able to answer this question. I have been looking online for an answer now for a ...
  A: Atmospheric phenomena are weird and hard to explain a lot of the time. It was during a lightning ...
Einstein's equation8/23/2008
  Q: Is theory of conversion of mass into energy correct? I mean how can anything can travel faster than ...
  A: Mass and energy are converted from one form to another all the time in natural processes like pair ...
nuclear8/22/2008
  Q: I think peak oil is here and it looks like nuclear fission is our nearest straw. I've heard uranium ...
  A: Yes it could, but there are three ways to solve this. First, there are probably undiscovered ...
rain8/22/2008
  Q: I have for years wondered why a rainfall shower is of greater intensity just before the end of the ...
  A: Actually, I'm not sure about this since it's a little outside my expertise, so you should ask a ...
Electric motor current draw8/21/2008
  Q: I have a question about 12v DC motor current draw. I have read in several books on electric motor ...
  A: No, the current flowing through the motor will determine the amount of work it does. Because power ...
physics8/21/2008
  Q: My friend and I would like to ask you few questions about physics. please help us. Thanks 1. Is it ...
  A: 1) Yes, but it's inefficient. Plenty of farmers have fermented their own corn into ethanol for ...
quz8/21/2008
  Q: How we can study the move of the car which is moving on the straight and horizental road ?
  A: Time it as it passes lines or markers on the road. Use photogates. Radar and laser Doppler shift. ...
relativistic mass of light8/20/2008
  Q: from what i kno, energy something has, the more mass it has since they are inter related, right? and ...
  A: Watts per second is the wrong unit. Include units in your equations and you won't make mistakes ...
gravitation8/20/2008
  Q: sir i want to ask that if earth starts revolving faster around sun so will it's orbit increase or ...
  A: Most would say it would increase, but that's slightly inaccurate. If the Earth's orbit increases in ...
motions8/18/2008
  Q: ANSWER: Neglecting air resistance, yes. Including, of course not. Including it, it will lose ...
  A: Equations aren't really necessary, just terms. Kinetic energy is given by 1/2 mv^2, potential ...
motions8/18/2008
  Q: hi sir i want to ask that if i fire a bullet vertically upward will it hit the ground with same ...
  A: Neglecting air resistance, yes. Including, of course not. Including it, it will lose energy ...
physics8/17/2008
  Q: what are the possible things that would happen if air was an electric conductor?
  A: We wouldn't use much electrical power, for one, since we wouldn't be able to create voltage between ...
Random physics questions.8/16/2008
  Q: How the hell does anti-matter fit in? How does it form? How does it react with matter (I have vague ...
  A: It's not lost from existence, it goes toward the singularity in the center. At that point the laws ...
physics8/16/2008
  Q: A common misconception about heat energy is that 'heat rises'. Many examples are given; it's ...
  A: Yes, a misunderstanding. Less dense substances rise, more dense substances fall. Substances at ...
Random physics questions.8/15/2008
  Q: How the hell does anti-matter fit in? How does it form? How does it react with matter (I have vague ...
  A: You're asking things that are a mix of two types of questions: 1) I can't answer without giving ...
Random physics questions.8/15/2008
  Q: How the hell does anti-matter fit in? How does it form? How does it react with matter (I have vague ...
  A: The first one is kinda vague, so I'm going to assume you meant to ask what anti-matter is. First I ...
conversion of chemical to radiative heat8/6/2008
  Q: What determines the rate at which chemical heat (convection) becomes electromagnetic heat ...
  A: Emission of radiation from a hot body is governed by the Stefan-Boltzmann Law: ...
water flow8/6/2008
  Q: So i want to know if water flow into a container can be great enough to prevent the air in that ...
  A: Flow is caused by differences in pressure. Therefore, if water pressure is lower than the air ...
Light speeds and relative single point objects.8/2/2008
  Q: What happens if you spin a single object, in a place relative to the things around it, at the speed ...
  A: I assume you mean an object's edge. It can't be done. You can get close, but particles can't be ...
Rockets7/30/2008
  Q: I am a university level student and this is the question on which I have to research but don't know ...
  A: Research? I can definitely start you out, though obviously the explanation has to be yours (your ...
Light and Sound7/30/2008
  Q: I often come up with weird "if.. would" scenarios pertaining to physics, and I wanted to know if you ...
  A: Lit is a matter of perspective. To perceive "lit" your eye would have to absorb light. Eventually ...
behavior of gravity7/29/2008
  Q: I'd like to try and get a better intuitive sense of gravity by learning the answer to thisSuppose I ...
  A: Assuming that the orbit didn't take it too close to either the Earth or Moon to throw off the ...
Do human share the same colour system?7/29/2008
  Q: I want ask why do human seem seem to be able to agree on following phenomenon? -Is it true that ...
  A: Human eyes share many physical characteristics and respond in very similar ways to colors. There ...
wind force7/29/2008
  Q: I have a question about the force of wind. Is there an equation that factors in air pressure in ...
  A: The 0.00256 is simply a constant related to the density of air. It relates to the energy dissipated ...
space flight7/29/2008
  Q: #1 is the Van Allen belt real? and what, if real, what is its role in space flight? We as humans ...
  A: Yes it is real. Charged particles get trapped in magnetic fields, and cosmic rays in the Earth's ...
toothpick egg drop project7/28/2008
  Q: Where can I get information (at an eighth grade level) for designing an egg drop container out of ...
  A: There aren't really many hard and fast physics rules for making an egg-drop container, more ...
wind force7/28/2008
  Q: I have a question about the force of wind. Is there an equation that factors in air pressure in ...
  A: The short answer is yes, there are equations that will give you that. The long answer is that it ...
newtons 3rd law7/24/2008
  Q: Why when you would hit a soft object will newtons 3rd law not apply and an equal and opposite force ...
  A: It is applying the same force. The third law is not violated. The reason it accelerates forward ...
air as an insulator7/24/2008
  Q: why is air such a good insulator?
  A: Short answer: density. Air has about a thousand times less molecules/volume to conduct heat. ...
Broken window7/24/2008
  Q: How can I tell if a window was broken on the inside or the outside. Most of the glass is on the ...
  A: I think the logical conclusion is that you're correct. A blunt or sharp object breaking the window ...
water wicks7/24/2008
  Q: I have been trying to find a wick that will be able to wick water upwards as far as possible. Q1) ...
  A: What I was able to find was more about speeds for ground water sampling and not absolute attainable ...
Broken window7/24/2008
  Q: How can I tell if a window was broken on the inside or the outside. Most of the glass is on the ...
  A: Please send more information in a follow-up question (there should be a link to ask one on this ...
water wicks7/23/2008
  Q: I have been trying to find a wick that will be able to wick water upwards as far as possible. Q1) ...
  A: The short answer to Q1 is yes, of course gravity eventually causes stars to collapse and will limit ...
electricity, solar cells7/23/2008
  Q: if solar cells can convert photons to electricity, why not tune the 'solar' cells to convert gamma ...
  A: Such devices have existed for decades to convert beta and alpha radiation into light (via a ...
electric heater efficiency7/23/2008
  Q: How can there be any significant difference in performance among 1500 watt electric heaters?
  A: The basic physics may seem to say no and it's pretty closely correct. But there may be differences ...
Pressure7/21/2008
  Q: If I took a bath towell, placed it in a body of water so the towell is entirely saturated with the ...
  A: To follow up on this, since I just got my first hostile response question for refusing to answer ...
Physical States7/19/2008
  Q: When water is frozen it takes up more space than liquid water, and when it is hot it evaporates and ...
  A: No water only takes up more space because it forms hydrogen bridges and makes a crystal structure ...
X-Ray7/19/2008
  Q: I'm just trying to settle a questions my friends were discussing about x-rays. With electrical ...
  A: No, lead can different different types of metal but it's not the only one. And it doesn't make a ...
Refraction7/19/2008
  Q: Sir, I am a 10th class student, my question is, I want to know how does the Refractive Index affect ...
  A: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/refr.html#c1 You can see that if you raise the ...
colour spectrum7/18/2008
  Q: Violet and Indigo are at the top of the colour spectrum. But where do Pink, Purple and Mauve fit in ...
  A: Pink light isn't a single color, it's a mix of red and white light. White light is a mix of all the ...
Atom7/17/2008
  Q: What causes the electrons to orbit around the nucleus?
  A: Electrons have a negative charge. Protons in the nucleus have a positive charge, attracting them to ...
gas mixing7/16/2008
  Q: Assume that you have two sealed chambers. each contains different gas (example - Oxygen in one and ...
  A: The specifics of "time scale" for this question are a little vague, and so are the dimensions of the ...
proper readings from a multimeter/tester7/10/2008
  Q: Nelson, I am developing a novel fuel cell/battery (iron-air) and my only stumbling block is how to ...
  A: It appears (hard to say without seeing the design) that your design involves problems with the cell ...
physics7/8/2008
  Q: Is there a working defintion of what cold is? Heat is a wave, what is 'cold' and how is heat removed ...
  A: You can preview a whole book on cryogenic engineering on google books here: ...
chanign heat back into mechanical energy7/5/2008
  Q: I was wondering what kind of systems and methods can be used to turn heat back into mechanical ...
  A: The car's engine is an example of something using heat (from burning fuel) to create mechanical ...
...Nucleus...7/1/2008
  Q: ..i am B.tech student..i have some doubts regarding nuclear physics.. 1)whether antiproton is ...
  A: That's a lot of questions. Let me go by the numbers. 1) The antiproton is stable as far as we ...
buzz in room of house6/28/2008
  Q: Dr. Nelson - Over the last week there has developed a high-pitched buzzing noise in an upstairs ...
  A: Well, one last thing. The device probably has a chopping power supply or some kind of internal ...
buzz in room of house6/25/2008
  Q: Dr. Nelson - Over the last week there has developed a high-pitched buzzing noise in an upstairs ...
  A: I'd try something first, like plugging in an iron (draws a good bit of current) or other silent ...
NEW OPTICAL PHENOMENON6/24/2008
  Q: sir can you tell me what optical phenomenon is acting here - ...
  A: My first guess is that you've got polarized lenses and a polarized camera or some kind (or a camera ...
kinetic coefficient6/24/2008
  Q: .. could you please explain to me in simple terms how I would find the average kinetic coefficient ...
  A: The physics here is all out of whack. I don't know why you're dividing force by distance (that's ...
should we spend time in the sun figures ?6/23/2008
  Q: how can i get data that i can process to calculate percent graphs? plot a graph and interpret trends ...
  A: A quick google search of "sunscreen cancer trends" revealed that there's a government website with ...
electric motors and magnets6/22/2008
  Q: In a simple electric motor with field magnets and a split-commutator, can you tell me what ...
  A: Check out page 59 and 60 of this powerpoint for a graphical representation of a split commutator. ...
Magnetism6/21/2008
  Q: I understand that heat causes demagnetisation. Why then do my drill bits become magnetised when ...
  A: The demagnetization of metal at high temperature happens above the curie temperature. However, upon ...
thermodynamics6/18/2008
  Q: I'm so confused. I have worked out the answer to the following problem and I was told that my ...
  A: As far as your solution being one way to work it out, that's OK. But I've discovered an error in ...
thermodynamics6/18/2008
  Q: I'm so confused. I have worked out the answer to the following problem and I was told that my ...
  A: You've got some really wrong units here, force is not in Joules (for example). Just consider ...
motors & magnets6/17/2008
  Q: Does this answer the problem of high-voltage power lines making a buzzing sound, using the motor ...
  A: That is approximately why they hum at 60 Hz, but buzzing is different. Actual buzzing sounds from ...
relativity6/17/2008
  Q: 1)According to relativity,noting can travel faster than light.So if we have a bullet that is ...
  A: Interesting questions. Relativity isn't my research area, but I do get a lot of questions about it ...
electrons6/16/2008
  Q: Here is myDescribe what happens to electrons when one material is charged negatively by rubbing it ...
  A: The part about the conductor at the end is a little superfluous, but OK. The real difference in the ...
factors affecting friction6/16/2008
  Q: I need to conduct an experiment. I am not looking for you to do my work for me. I will be doing ...
  A: First, the theory of friction is described quite well in hyperphysics for some background reading: ...
GCSE question should we spend time in the sun?6/16/2008
  Q: thank you
  A: This is a little outside my expertise, as I'm a nuclear physicist and not a medical doctor. One of ...
nuclear physics6/15/2008
  Q: What are the approximate velocities of alpha, beta, gamma and x- rays?
  A: Gamma rays are a form of light, so they travel at the speed of light. Alphas and betas have mass, ...
physics6/11/2008
  Q: what are the different branches of a physics
  A: This is a matter of some debate, and your question is slightly unclear. There are four major areas ...
Magnet ONLY pushes in ONE direction6/10/2008
  Q: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xb8wwkdtz0M Can you explain this ?
  A: My take on it is (hard to see from a youtube video) that from the cone shape he's created a magnet ...
electrons6/6/2008
  Q: what are the electrons made of??
  A: Electrons are fundamental particles. They're made out of electrons! A string theorist might say ...
Electromagnets5/20/2008
  Q: I am looking to build a pretty strong electromagnet. A: how do I go about it, B: how strong can an ...
  A: First: strong magnets can be extremely dangerous. You must absolutely be careful when making a ...
Tesla Coil Build5/20/2008
  Q: Dr. Nelson, I'm planning to build a tesla coil as a nice side project over this summer, and seeing ...
  A: First of all: A TESLA COIL CAN BE DANGEROUS! So be careful. Second, check here: ...
Terahertz laser5/20/2008
  Q: I was wondering how T-ray imaging,when it becomes practical for everyday use,would work.Would the ...
  A: T-ray *imaging* is used to detect tiny structural defects because it operates on the sub-millimeter ...
Quantum Mechanics5/19/2008
  Q: I am very curious about the Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Are the dimensions ...
  A: Wow, this is a lot of stuff. Let me try to break it down for you, since you're mixing multiple ...
vacuum technology5/12/2008
  Q: would it be possible to make a vacuumed surface (say opposite to an air hockey table) that would ...
  A: Sounds easy enough to do. The method you mention (reverse air-hockey table) would be relatively ...
selective breaking5/5/2008
  Q: In kung fu their is an art called "selective breaking,"in which a practitioner can break the middle ...
  A: You're talking about sound waves, as far as dissipation. In the case where you have moving columns ...
selective breaking5/5/2008
  Q: In kung fu their is an art called "selective breaking,"in which a practitioner can break the middle ...
  A: I can see that striking multiple blocks at the same time with a slight angle could focus the energy ...
least action5/1/2008
  Q: is there a proof for the theory of least action?. thank you ANSWER: I'm not a quantum field ...
  A: A theoretical derivation of a first principle is relatively impossible. You're getting down to the ...
least action4/30/2008
  Q: is there a proof for the theory of least action?. thank you
  A: I'm not a quantum field theorist, I'm an experimental nuclear physicist, so this may be slightly ...
Flow principles4/27/2008
  Q: I have previously been taught that according to Bernoulli's principle, velocity is inversely ...
  A: You have a few things exactly backwards here and you need to go check in a physics book about it, or ...
quantum biology4/27/2008
  Q: I am wondering about a product called the Neutralizer from Quantum Biology Research which you can ...
  A: I always try to keep an open mind, as an expert who studies science crackpots for my book on them, ...
projectile motion4/26/2008
  Q: Sir,Could you please explain how to relate projectile motion to an activity such as a swimming dive, ...
  A: The key to any projectile motion problem is to find and use the conditions at the beginning and end ...
heat and reflection4/26/2008
  Q: This is a very simple question about absorption of heat. My impression is that in the absence of ...
  A: Your examples, unfortunately, are absolutely incompatible. For insulation you're talking about the ...
bel , decibel question4/23/2008
  Q: I have a small misunderstanding and i hope you could help me Provided that 1 bel (B) = log ( I1 / I2 ...
  A: Ahhh, seemingly so. I was confused by this question, myself. A Bell was designed to determine ...
physics4/21/2008
  Q: hypothetically what would happen to an object if all the atoms in it suddenly stopped moving?
  A: In what? I'll assume a basic mass of atoms. The material you're talking about will go to absolute ...
Physics 121 software?4/21/2008
  Q: I am a student at Cal Poly Pomona -- http://www.csupomona.edu . In the fall of this year I plan to ...
  A: Then let me suggest this software: ...
Physics 121 software?4/19/2008
  Q: I am a student at Cal Poly Pomona -- http://www.csupomona.edu . In the fall of this year I plan to ...
  A: That's strange, because most people who really have Asperger's, like my older brother (Ph.D. in ...
Egg4/12/2008
  Q: I need to know the force it takes to break an egg in Newtons. i saw a similar question but is there ...
  A: Nope, no standard, every egg is different. You do indeed just need to test it, but also the ...
Torque4/11/2008
  Q: I am not fully understanding torque. I know it talks about the direction in which its moving but ...
  A: Torque is the rotational analog of force. It's represented by a vector which points in a direction ...
Schrodinger question4/10/2008
  Q: I majored at uni in physics and pure maths years ago so I'm hoping you can help. I assume ...
  A: You've assumed the object to be "initially stationary relative to the two walls" and yet you want a ...
Electromagnatism4/7/2008
  Q: Is it possible for a person to control his electromagnetic field and to manipulate it (such as Nina ...
  A: I think you misunderstand what I mean by killed by the electrical shock. I don't mean headaches and ...
eletronic transition4/7/2008
  Q: what is meant by absorpsion spectrum and how does it happen?
  A: Frist, atoms have a structure: ...
Large hadron Collider4/7/2008
  Q: My name is Max, pleased to meet you. My question is about the large hadron collider in France, and ...
  A: This is always a good one, you're not the first person to ask questions like this about a particle ...
Be-84/5/2008
  Q: my name is Stamatis Muratidis and I have a Ph.D. in chemistry. I have studied relativistic and ...
  A: In graduate school one of our associated groups was responsible for data evaluation for the light ...
Electromagnatism4/5/2008
  Q: Is it possible for a person to control his electromagnetic field and to manipulate it (such as Nina ...
  A: If you think about it, to an exceedingly limited degree we all control some of our electromagnetic ...
Light3/31/2008
  Q: What is light made out of? And why does it make things visible to the eye?
  A: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/ligcon.html Light is made of alternating electric and ...
transmitting electromagnetic radiation3/29/2008
  Q: I would like to transmit electromagnetic energy at 44KHZ range. Could a coil of wire measuring one ...
  A: What do you mean by "measuring?" Diameter? Length? In either case, you can use that to transmit ...
Please help........3/13/2008
  Q: You can answer this question anytime from now through April 1st. I'm in 6th grade and I have no ...
  A: I assume you mean you need an idea for a science fair or science class project. I have an original ...
a Vacuum Chamber Battery concept3/8/2008
  Q: I was thinking about if vacuum chambers could be utilized to slowly let compressed air back in ...
  A: Sorry for the delay. There are two problems here. The biggest one is that vacuum pumps are ...
mass to energy question3/7/2008
  Q: alright, if mass and energy are interchangable, then energy can be converted to mass. and light has ...
  A: Your link didn't post, but I found a Ronald Mallett who's a physicist working on time travel. This ...
mass to energy question3/6/2008
  Q: alright, if mass and energy are interchangable, then energy can be converted to mass. and light has ...
  A: Protons are particles with mass in the center of the nucleus with neutrons (note the spelling, ...
mass to energy question3/6/2008
  Q: alright, if mass and energy are interchangable, then energy can be converted to mass. and light has ...
  A: No, light has no *rest* mass. Light has energy, which can be *converted* into the rest mass of ...
physics3/5/2008
  Q: I have a skier that traveling down a hill and once it reaches the bottom he keeps skiing and goes ...
  A: This is a homework question, but since you didn't ask me to just feed you the answer I will indeed ...
temperature3/5/2008
  Q: How good is fiberglass and metal at conforming to room temperature? For example, If I load a ...
  A: There are three factors here. 1) Siding is thin, so conducts heat quickly. Metal faster than ...
static friction3/3/2008
  Q: I teach Gr. 12 physics, textbook says tan theda equals coefficient of static friction for inclined ...
  A: Of course the type of surface (not the surface area, though) has an effect. The coefficient of ...
Antimatter3/3/2008
  Q: Does antimatter move backwards in time? I remember a recent cloud chamber experiment where this was ...
  A: It does move backwards in time, according to Feynman's QED diagrams. I've read much speculation on ...
modern physics3/1/2008
  Q: how can we understand from michelson and morely expriment that the speed of light is constant?
  A: Appropriate that a question about the most famous failed experiment possibly in physics history ...
Ideal Gas2/29/2008
  Q: If I have 2.3kg of an unkown gas can find its molecular mass?
  A: Nope, that's not enough information. But if this is a homework question, you should figure out what ...
Physics2/27/2008
  Q: Mr. Nelson I was hoping you could help to answer if two people are at the top of the empire state ...
  A: This is clearly a homework question, so while I can't just feed you the answer I can clear up one of ...
Volleyball2/26/2008
  Q: How is Volleyball used in physics?
  A: First off, I would say that physics is used in volleyball more than volleyball is used in physics. ...
Infrared2/25/2008
  Q: I have a different question for you. What are the properties of Infrared, and how does it really ...
  A: Infrared is of longer wavelength than visible light. Check out Wien's Law here: ...
Laser optics2/24/2008
  Q: I was wondering if there is a type of lens that can bend the beam of light from a laser pointer into ...
  A: Unless you get an attachment that was specifically made for that, then no...but you might be able to ...
Laser optics2/24/2008
  Q: I was wondering if there is a type of lens that can bend the beam of light from a laser pointer into ...
  A: By sheet do you mean a larger column of light like if you used a very large beam expander? Or do ...
forces2/24/2008
  Q: This question is really weird so I was hoping you could help me understand. If a marble and a ...
  A: Answer H is quite correct. The baseball requires more force to move it because it has a larger ...
dq2/24/2008
  Q: In the field of electricity,we work with the quantity of q,which is charge mangnitude,and is equal ...
  A: Yes, at its smallest level charge is quantized. It comes in chunks the size of the charge of the ...
Bending the space/time continuum?2/24/2008
  Q: My teacher gave us a fairly open-ended project to do, about any (basic) topic in physics, so I chose ...
  A: Hopefully you've got some time for such an open-ended project. Time enough to read Michio Kaku's ...
force2/22/2008
  Q: sir since i could not get any other experts free to ask this question i am asking this question to ...
  A: I'm going to go out on a limb here and provide two reasons that it shouldn't be done that way. The ...
relativity2/18/2008
  Q: My question is about the concept of relativity. I want to know what the term "relativity" really ...
  A: I'll give you the quickest definition I can think of, then you should probably read a book called ...
microwave oven2/17/2008
  Q: I have a question about the mechanics of a microwave oven. Is the box or any part of its lining ...
  A: Technically they could be zapped free-standing with enough power. However, the box is sized to ...
What exactly are "flames"?2/16/2008
  Q: What exactly are "flames"? From what I've read about, it's where atoms are rearranging, with a net ...
  A: I'll give you the short answer to this, you're right about unreactive gas being a flame if it's ...
Tidal power2/15/2008
  Q: If we tap tidal power to generate vast amounts of electricity to answer the world`s demand, where ...
  A: No, reducing the waves will have an almost incalculably small effect on the orbits of the Sun and ...
Tidal power2/14/2008
  Q: If we tap tidal power to generate vast amounts of electricity to answer the world`s demand, where ...
  A: The source that powers the currents, of course, which is the Sun. It's basically solar power, if ...
temperature2/13/2008
  Q: I would appreciate finding out if I am on the right track in my thinking about how a temperature ...
  A: Your story is very similar to the story of the development of the thermometer found here: ...
plasma physics2/9/2008
  Q: theysay that plasma,the 4 state of matter is a stream of electrons and positive ions ..... so i ...
  A: That's not true at all about higher efficiencies. There are many types of plasma rocket engine (see ...
High Magnetic Fields2/8/2008
  Q: I have a pair presentation on high magnetic fields. I have been searching for quite a while on ...
  A: Let me take these separately because there are three questions here: 1a) MRI machines need high ...
radio freqencies vs infrared freqencies2/7/2008
  Q: I would like to know between radio and infared freqencies which one is less difficult to be ...
  A: That depends radically on the frequency of the radio waves, infrared frequency, and transmission ...
radiation and the human brain2/7/2008
  Q: is it possible for a certain form of controlled radiation to somehow transmit "memories" or lessons ...
  A: Wow, your question encompasses the prediction of future technology. Let me put it both ways: 1) ...
electronic transmission2/4/2008
  Q: Our civilization has been broadcasting TV signals for at least 50 years and radio for much ...
  A: This is true. However, the area over which they spread out (broadcasting in all directions) is ...
fission2/3/2008
  Q: sir 1) can you explain why Uranium 235 can not undergo fission with a fast moving neutron or why ...
  A: I'll try to answer these in order: 1) U-235 can fission with a fast neutron, it just fissions far ...
Creating a Spectrum1/31/2008
  Q: I have a prism hung up on my window that creates rainbows all over the walls, but a bunch of small ...
  A: You might find http://www.rainbowsymphonystore.com/difgratfilsh.html useful. You may try a ...
water gravity?1/31/2008
  Q: its not homework (i am 36) and i am not connected to physics in any way (just a bog standard IT ...
  A: Questions about such phenomena involving drains are quite common because they're quite mysterious at ...
ELECTRIC BULB1/30/2008
  Q: How does an electric bulb work?what phenomenon is used in it?
  A: There are now several kinds of light bulb, but I'm going to assume you mean the classic bulb with a ...
Attenuation of light1/28/2008
  Q: I recently discovered that light intensity attenuation would be higher in coloured liquids as ...
  A: If there are particles, yes. Generally, "clear" liquids do have a finite amount of attenuation that ...
centripetal force1/22/2008
  Q: How centripetal force is involved in the operation of a washing machine?How the spin dryer of the ...
  A: The washing machine has holes in the sides of its inner canister. The high pressure from the ...
Joules per second1/21/2008
  Q: Wouldn't the numerical value in Joules SI units actually be reduced to 1/2 and not doubled as you ...
  A: No, the meter would not change just because you re-defined the second. Three's no reason to change ...
Joules per second1/18/2008
  Q: Wouldn't the numerical value in Joules SI units actually be reduced to 1/2 and not doubled as you ...
  A: First your equation is wrong to end in "= 1 photon." A photon is a physical thing, the mathematical ...
Relationship of density to gravitational force1/18/2008
  Q: I am curious about the relationship of density to the gravitational force exerted on an object. ...
  A: The short answer to your question is "yes." You're correct, the reason that cold watter settles and ...
Electrostatic meter1/17/2008
  Q: I'm trying to start a van de graaf generator project, but I have never done any project involving ...
  A: Dangit, my last answer got lost in the web here. The easiest way is simple, measure the length of ...
Joules per second1/17/2008
  Q: Wouldn't the numerical value in Joules SI units actually be reduced to 1/2 and not doubled as you ...
  A: No, I can see where you're making an error in your units. We can stop beating this very dead horse. ...
electromagnetic radiation1/16/2008
  Q: How can a photon and Planck's Constant both be fundamental units in nature? It would seem to me ...
  A: OK, I'll go one more round on this one because there's a fundamental misunderstanding. And here it ...
earth's rotation1/15/2008
  Q: just curious can you speculate as to what would be the general results if 1. the earth stopped ...
  A: Even stopping over a few months you would have a massive shift in the stresses on the Earth's crust, ...
electromagnetic radiation1/15/2008
  Q: How can a photon and Planck's Constant both be fundamental units in nature? It would seem to me ...
  A: No, Planck's constant is not the energy in a quantum of light. Planck's constant must be multiplied ...
Seeing atoms and molecules1/15/2008
  Q: I had always thought that Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle ruled out the possibility of ever ...
  A: The addition of uncertainty to momentum by accurate position imaging depends on the precision with ...
Hamster powered night light1/15/2008
  Q: I am doing a science project on making a hamster powered night light, and I am in 8th grade. We are ...
  A: I think you're better off going with one design for the magnets, and going to Radio Shack and ...
safety ratings1/14/2008
  Q: I am working on a science fair project about testing non-fibrous material. I am using noodles and ...
  A: The breaking point of a material is given by its ultimate tensile strength (UTS). For some common ...
electromagnetic radiation1/14/2008
  Q: How can a photon and Planck's Constant both be fundamental units in nature? It would seem to me ...
  A: A photon is not a unit. A photon is a physical object, a quantum of light. The energy and momentum ...
Low Energy Light Bulbs1/14/2008
  Q: I understand low energy light bulbs save energy because they do not generate as much heat as a ...
  A: Perhaps yes and perhaps no, depending on your exact setup in your home. Let me discuss a few of the ...
The Universe and the Neurons1/12/2008
  Q: I am a researcher looking into science and religion and during my studies I have found out that ...
  A: Fun drawings! I'm writing a book on science crackpots. Take a careful look at the website you ...
Fission & Fusion1/11/2008
  Q: I don't quite get the difference between these two. I've been explained to many times, but can not ...
  A: Simple, fission is splitting atomic nuclei apart. Fusion is combining them into a heavier nucleus. ...
Buoyancy1/9/2008
  Q: I am having a hard time understanding buoyancy. I am a mathematician and have never had a physics ...
  A: No, for floating objects the fluid is *always* more dense than the solid. In that case, your ...
Buoyancy1/9/2008
  Q: I am having a hard time understanding buoyancy. I am a mathematician and have never had a physics ...
  A: I see this in a few of my smarter-but-more-easily-distracted students quite often: you're ...
Bizcarre occurrance1/9/2008
  Q: I was traveling in a van on an elevated highway in a small monsoon. I (and my co-worker) heard an ...
  A: Can you be more specific about the statement "some conditions can contribute to phenomenons" in your ...
Loss of body heat through radiation1/8/2008
  Q: I would like to know if when we are hiking if we loose much heat from radiation (as opposed to ...
  A: Especially when a body is in motion, such as while hiking, it would lose energy primarily through ...
Bizcarre occurrance1/8/2008
  Q: I was traveling in a van on an elevated highway in a small monsoon. I (and my co-worker) heard an ...
  A: Elevated highway...did you consider that you may have been on a span above an officer on a PA? ...
Water acting funny1/7/2008
  Q: I'm the "hybrid car expert" - hope you're having fun too. Anyway, I just put an infrared heater up ...
  A: Here's the link I was originally looking for with bizarre fluid effects: ...
Matter Transport1/7/2008
  Q: Are we anywhere close to if not traveling through time, traveling at high speeds through space? I ...
  A: Yes and no. Of course we have craft that can travel at those speeds, the space shuttle travels ...
Water acting funny1/7/2008
  Q: I'm the "hybrid car expert" - hope you're having fun too. Anyway, I just put an infrared heater up ...
  A: So I'm missing the question part of this, it's more of an observation as-posed. There are many ...
project1/7/2008
  Q: My son needs to graph and chart an anti-gravity machine, using two funnels and a sloping machine ...
  A: I don't usually answer homework questions, but you seem desperate and it's a real project you'll ...
calorimetry1/4/2008
  Q: sir since you are expert in thermodynamics i have one question relatede to calorimetry 1) A ...
  A: This question is badly posed, and the solution you showed here is indeed just plain wrong. If the ...
Sun comet deflector1/4/2008
  Q: Awhile ago I saw a show on Discovery Channel about comets and possible ways to deter a comet from ...
  A: The solar constant gives us the amount of power per square meter in space that the Sun emits at the ...
negetive ions12/29/2007
  Q: How have you been? Hope you had agood Christmas and here's wishing you a great year ahead. There ...
  A: Many strange devices out there with many strange claims. I'm writing a book on the types of people ...
Wave–particle duality12/25/2007
  Q: I apologize if this is a stupid question, I’m no scientist, but I’ve been wondering about this for ...
  A: You should read these two resources and re-pose your question. You're mixing up massless particles ...
potential difference12/23/2007
  Q: I am learning about electric potential difference, and wonder if my understanding of it is correct. ...
  A: David: Yep. If that's not enough detail, see here: ...
Sonic Boom12/21/2007
  Q: I recently read that a sonic boom can carry as much as 100 megawatts per square meter of energy. ...
  A: Jet engines do make megawatts of energy, I believe 25 MW is about the energy output of a 747 engine ...
rubber band car12/20/2007
  Q: okay so i have to make a rubber band power car i made it and everythin but what i need to know is ...
  A: Some punctuation might make this more clear, so let me rephrase. I'll assume you meant: "Okay, so ...
What is the quantum of sound outside solids?12/20/2007
  Q: In solids, the quantum of sound is the "phonon". What is the quantum of sound outside solids? ...
  A: The atoms flying around in a gas have quantum states of their own, which carry the sound energy in ...
Newton Scooter12/16/2007
  Q: I need to build a newton scooter, but I do not know how to! What might you suggest that I should ...
  A: This one you can use for school, no problem, since you still need to build it! A "Newton scooter," ...
High Frequency Noise in My House12/15/2007
  Q: I am having high frequency noise in my house.I have contacted cable,phone, security and electric ...
  A: I've made a lengthy professional study of the times when people notice correlations which turn out ...
Physics12/14/2007
  Q: Why We Should Spend Time In The Sun? And Why We Shouldn't?
  A: This is really more of a medical question, but it has a physical component. Sunlight has many ...

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