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Question Hi Liliya
How are qualified these grammatical forms such as: сформировавшемся-обеспечивающим-
Непреходящей- сравнивавших-укоренившейся- способствовавший-Сложившаяся- читаемый
How are they formed and what are the roles of these forms in the text? Give me some examples please.Best regards.
Answer Hi Habib,
The forms you mentioned are known in Russian as причастия (adjectival participles). Причастия are built out of verbs (mostly with a suffix), and in most cases they play the role of the sentence element called attribute.
Formation of Adjectival Participles:
Present Active:
Suffixes -ущ,-ющ of a verb in the 1st conjugation
For example: летать – летающий (to fly – flying)
Suffixes -ащ, ящ of a verb in the 2nd conjugation
For example: смотреть – смотрящий (to look – looking)
Present Passive:
Suffixes -ем-, -ом of a verb in the 1st conjugation
For example: рисовать – рисуемый (to draw – being drawn)
Suffix -им of a verb in the 2nd conjugation
For example: ввозить – ввозимый
Past Active:
Suffixes -вш-, -ш
For example: летавший, смотревший
Past Passive:
Suffixes -нн-, -т-, -енн-:
For example: просмотренный, вымытый (watched, washed) – “You can use the washed plate.”
You might want to have a look at the following site for the conjugation of Russian verbs:
