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About Kenneth Renshaw
(Top Expert on this page)

Expertise
Answer basic space flight questions, research info on specific space flights. Answer questions on astronomy

Experience
Amateur astronomer and avid astronomy/space flight fan for 31 years.

Organizations
Official NASA/JPL Solar System Ambassador for Arkansas and Missouri (one of about 300 nationwide). (http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/ambassador/profiles/Kenneth_Renshaw.htm)

Publications
Numerous local and area newspapers.

Education/Credentials
AA/BME/MME

   

You are here:  Experts > Science > Space/Astronomy > Space Exploration

Questions Answered By Expert  Kenneth Renshaw 
In Category  Space Exploration

SubjectDate Asked

Few more gravity and 4th Dimension related questions...10/27/2009
  Q: I gone through your past Qustions and answers, on 7/17/2009 some questions asked. (1. What is a ...
  A: 1) time has been shown to slow with velocity (atomic clocks on jets), and gravity, like space can ...
Even gravity can control Light?10/26/2009
  Q: I gone through your past Qustions and answers, on 7/17/2009 some questions asked. (1. What is a ...
  A: Gravity can bend the path of light (even though it has no mass), as well as the path of an object ...
Distance to the Moon9/22/2009
  Q: i had a general question about the trip to the moon. if a spacecraft has the ability to move at a ...
  A: It took longer since the Apollo craft orbited the earth 1 1/2 times before leaving it for the moon. ...
The universe9/9/2009
  Q: From what i understand the universe began from an infinitely small point about 14 billion years ago ...
  A: Dan, thanks for writing. The answer is simple, but difficult to comprehend-"Nothing". There was ...
shuttle speed7/30/2009
  Q: how the shuttle speed is reduced from 170000 m/h to docking speed of 5 to 7 m/h ? ANSWER: Hi, ...
  A: The shuttle is unable to fly directly to the station, due to the speed the station is going. It ...
shuttle re-entry videos ?7/21/2009
  Q: I was wondering why there are no re-entry videos of the shuttle / apollo missions ? These days you ...
  A: I never gave that much thought-there aren't many videos that I am aware of. I think I may have seen ...
The Sun7/17/2009
  Q: I'd like to ask a few questions about the sun 1. How did the sun become so hot ? 2. If there is no ...
  A: 1. A black hole is when a very large star collapses at the end of its life (after a supernova), and ...
The Sun7/16/2009
  Q: I'd like to ask a few questions about the sun 1. How did the sun become so hot ? 2. If there is no ...
  A: Rick, thanks for writing. 1. the Sun formed from a huge cloud of gas. Gravity pulled it together ...
Space automatic Watch7/8/2009
  Q: I was hoping you could help me with thisOn missions to the moon and general space missions the Omega ...
  A: I am not familiar with the Omega Speedmaster-is it Cesium digital or a mechanical watch? I think ...
nebula7/7/2009
  Q: what is meant by planetary nebula? AnotherHow the earth or other planets revolve around the sun in ...
  A: I am not familiar with the mathematics of orbital mechanics, but the center of gravity is at one ...
Space7/6/2009
  Q: Is it true that when the Concorde was flying at cruising altitude, it was dark outside even at noon ...
  A: Jane, thanks for writing. I am not sure at what altitude the Concorde flew, but, yes, the sky would ...
nebula7/5/2009
  Q: what is meant by planetary nebula? AnotherHow the earth or other planets revolve around the sun in ...
  A: A planetary nebula is a somewhat round cloud of gas that sometimes looks like a planet in a small ...
space6/13/2009
  Q: what is radium power?how is it used in spacecrafts
  A: Radium is a radioactive element that produces heat when it decays. Although I am not familiar with ...
moon5/29/2009
  Q: should we be able to pinpoint the lunar module landing stages (the bits left behind after modules ...
  A: 1. We know the exact location, but no current spacecraft, except perhaps the Lunar Reconaissance ...
Saturn5/21/2009
  Q: Im in 8th grade and im doing a project on Saturn. i was wonderin if you could send me some ...
  A: Meredith, thanks for writing. Probably the easiest way would be to give you some links to websites ...
Astronomy questions4/20/2009
  Q: I am a middle school student doing research on alien life. I have a question (actually two): How ...
  A: Tarun, thanks for writing. No one knows the number of stars, but a guess is about ...
Research report on Orbital mechanics4/8/2009
  Q: I am Sai an Aerospace engineering(Flight dynamics and controls) student doing my final yr bachelors ...
  A: Sai, thanks for writing. Since I have not majored in this area, I can only give general remarks. ...
Looking from jupiter3/17/2009
  Q: i know you cant stand on jupiter, but if you could and you looked around, what stars or planets ...
  A: Linda, thanks for writing. From Jupiter, Uranus would be a faint dot of light, Saturn would be ...
Planets3/12/2009
  Q: Why do they all appear to be 'round'? Since they all spin, I would expect them to be cylindrical, ...
  A: Bob, thanks for writing. If there is enough gravity in an object, it pulls all the material into ...
information in space.3/5/2009
  Q: i have a specific but hopefully more or less a bsic question based on space exploration. i just ...
  A: Derick, thanks for writing. You are right on all your assumptions. Radio waves contain all the ...
Time2/17/2009
  Q: Myself Yogesh Patwardhan, I am from India... I think & believe that time is nothing but a concept. ...
  A: Yogesh, thanks for writing. I am not sure exactly what you are asking, but time is something that ...
collisions in space2/14/2009
  Q: About the resent collision of two satellites, were they both going in the same direction? Was it a ...
  A: From an animation I saw, it was about like a car going east on a street and running a stop sign, ...
Space exploration2/10/2009
  Q: Kenneth I saw a BBC program about space(some years back) in which they explained three assumptions ...
  A: I was in the middle of the worst part of the Arkansas/Missouri ice storm and lost internet for over ...
satellites2/7/2009
  Q: what satellites light can be seen from earth at dusk orearly eveningieoyu
  A: I was in the middle of the worst part of the Arkansas/Missouri ice storm and lost internet for over ...
spaceships1/26/2009
  Q: Are spaceship blast offs harmful to the Earth?If so how and what gases are released.
  A: Sarah, thanks for writing. The only harm would be the greenhouse gasses from the rocket exhaust, ...
light1/22/2009
  Q: is the speed of light obtainable
  A: John, thanks for writing. According to Einstein's Theory of Relativity (which has no known ...
Future space travel to Mercury1/15/2009
  Q: We are completing a school project which asks if any future travel to the planet we are reporting on ...
  A: As far as I know, there are no missions in the works for Mercury, except for the current flight of ...
Lunar Images12/29/2008
  Q: Sorry if this is a duplication but I lost my connection right when I hit "send" Hi, My question ...
  A: Linda, thanks for writing. We have a lot more satellites (hundreds) around the earth than the moon, ...
Helmets12/11/2008
  Q: When Astronauts travel in space,the MUST wear a special helmet. Why do they have to??
  A: Rebecca, thanks for writing. The helmet is an air-tight area that is filled with oxygen, so the ...
Where does it go?10/28/2008
  Q: Okay, so I've always wondered something: When a space shuttle takes off into outerspace, it detaches ...
  A: Debra, thanks for writing. In the case of the shuttle, there are 3 parts to the "back end"-2 solid ...
fuel9/27/2008
  Q: are space shuttles designed to run on gasoline or different fuel? Where can I find more information ...
  A: James, thanks for writing. The shuttle uses hydrogen in the external tank to feed the main engines, ...
How long does it take to travel between planets?9/15/2008
  Q: I'm trying to locate information on specific journey times between planets (roughly, I know they are ...
  A: Your figures are well in the ball park, except the Moon-Earth would probably be less than 3 days. ...
question9/11/2008
  Q: Is bigbang theory accepted universely by scientists?
  A: Since the discovery of the cosmic background radiation (the leftover light from the bang), the big ...
Leaving the atmosphere with helium help?9/4/2008
  Q: i would like to know why we just take a type of balloon to the stars? Isn't it possible to get very ...
  A: I am not sure where that altitude would be, and it would also depend on the weight taken on as well ...
Leaving the atmosphere with helium help?9/3/2008
  Q: i would like to know why we just take a type of balloon to the stars? Isn't it possible to get very ...
  A: A helium would lift the spacecraft up to an altitude where air is about the same density as the ...
Space Exploration8/3/2008
  Q: What are the advantages & disadvantages of space exploration?
  A: The disadvantages would probably be limited to expense (although space exploration accounts for a ...
mars7/27/2008
  Q: There was so much excitement about the phoenix lander and it was beggining to take samples and ...
  A: Al, thanks for writing. Like a lot of things, when the media gets something new, it gives it a lot ...
space and this site7/25/2008
  Q: i've been shut down. to much activity. email me at tophat@gibsoncounty.net thats in Indiana you ...
  A: Outer space is defined as from outside the atmosphere (a sub-orbital flight of around 60 miles ...
big diper7/24/2008
  Q: show me what the big diper looks like
  A: Skyla, thanks for writing. The big dipper looks like a big spoon, with a handle at one end and cup ...
:-) family and space7/23/2008
  Q: ok Kenneth, who was your gggrandfather? How old is space? Marie
  A: Marie, thanks for writing. Another Renshaw!! That is such an unusual name-where are you from? (my ...
gravity7/14/2008
  Q: At what distance from the surface of the earth (sea level) does objects become weightless??
  A: Keith, thanks for writing. Actually, the gravity of the earth or any other object extends out ...
elliptical orbit7/6/2008
  Q: I am an 'expert' in the Physics category trying to help a science fiction writer. Some of his ...
  A: Steve. Are you referring to a satellite around the Moon? It would probably keep the apoapsis (the ...
Newton/Einstein use in calculation of a space flight7/5/2008
  Q: Kenneth My friend and I were discussing gravity and the conversation came round to a spefic ...
  A: Although I am not sure of the figures involved, I would say that, since Einstein's adjustments are ...
Kuiper belt, Oort cloud & the Voyagers7/2/2008
  Q: I understand Voyager 2 has left the solar system, and V1 did it before. My question is, what with ...
  A: The voyagers are in the Kuiper Belt (30-80 AU, or 30-80 times the Sun-Earth distance) now, but, ...
pluto6/26/2008
  Q: since pluto was ruled out to being planet and said to be a moon which planet does it evolve against?
  A: Actually, Pluto was demoted to a "dwarf planet" (a smaller object revolving around the Sun) rather ...
quasars and red shifts5/31/2008
  Q: I have just watched a tv prog about the galaxy NGC 7603 and its companion galaxy, which for years ...
  A: I am not familiar with this particular example, but sometimes gravitational influence of a close ...
Van Allen belt5/28/2008
  Q: Is it actually possible that humans can pass through the Van Allen belt in the spacecraft of today? ...
  A: Lee, thanks for writing. The Apollo astronauts spent a limited time going through the belts enroute ...
symmetry in universe5/26/2008
  Q: Seeing the theory of matter and anti matter(electrons and positrons for example)can we ask a basic ...
  A: Eddy, thanks for writing. Scientists have often wondered that. As far as we know, we have a ...
Interstellar trash?5/25/2008
  Q: With the Phoenix Lander touching down today sometime (should the propulsion system succeed) I've ...
  A: Drew, thanks for writing. Most debris, outside earth orbit, normally moves indefinitely (like the ...
lif on the moon5/24/2008
  Q: "Can there be existence of human life on moon?"....
  A: Are you referring to now, or in the future with proper protection? As of now, there can be no life ...
about shuttle5/21/2008
  Q: my question is,please let me know that while space satelite is moving round the earth why it does ...
  A: The shuttle, or any other satellite, is at such a speed that the amount it is falling, from earth's ...
Space science5/20/2008
  Q: How many times did man land on moon?
  A: There were 6 successful landings in 1969-1972, each with 2 men walking on the Moon--Apollo 11, 12, ...
expanding space5/19/2008
  Q: I have heard that universe space expanding like a balloon. But I want to know what is bordering the ...
  A: I am not sure exactly what you mean, but nothing is actually limiting the space-it will keep ...
Rocketry/Moon5/18/2008
  Q: Okay Kenneth, this is probably going to sound really stupid, but I'm curious, so try to bear with ...
  A: It probably wouldn't be possible, as the moon revolves around the earth each 29 days, and the bottom ...
expanding space5/16/2008
  Q: I have heard that universe space expanding like a balloon. But I want to know what is bordering the ...
  A: It is expanding, but, as far as we know (and this is hard to comprehend), there is nothing outside ...
space exploration5/13/2008
  Q: The escape velocity (from earth's gravity) is about 11.2 km/sec. Since the speed of bullet, leaving ...
  A: Neel, thanks for writing. Actually a bullet goes, depending on the gun, about 2000 miles per hour, ...
Space5/2/2008
  Q: The students in my 7th grade class want to know: 1. Is the international space station always in ...
  A: 1. At around 200 miles altitude, the ISS is not high enough to gain more than a few minutes sunlight ...
space travel5/2/2008
  Q: i not sure if it has been asked there are a lot of questions to look through but with our current ...
  A: There are a few reasons for not being beyond earth orbit or the moon yet. 1. Even a trip to nearby ...
odds5/1/2008
  Q: What are the odds of dying in space? ANSWER: Hi, Hula, thanks for writing. This, of course, ...
  A: Actually, the number of astronauts was an approximation (a more accurate figure, as well as ...
odds4/29/2008
  Q: What are the odds of dying in space?
  A: Hula, thanks for writing. This, of course, depends on a lot of factors, and no one knows for sure, ...
moon3/16/2008
  Q: hello i was wondering how long would a space shuttle flight take to reach the moon? thank you
  A: Although it is impossible for the shuttle to go to the Moon (it would have to go faster than its ...
where are we on the map2/28/2008
  Q: On earth we can pinpoint our location with longitude and latitude. In space it must be a 3 ...
  A: Jennifer, thanks for writing. Yes, it is a very similar system. We have right ascension (same as ...
Exit and Re-entry2/14/2008
  Q: Mr. Renshaw I have always been fascinated by the edge of space and envy those who have seen stars ...
  A: Darin, thanks for writing. I never thought about that first question. Obviously, the answer would ...
space travel2/5/2008
  Q: This is an odd one. People have been trying to do-it yourself into space for years.. What is the ...
  A: As far as seriously being able to get into space, the recent efforts by private industries are the ...
Space1/26/2008
  Q: How big is the universe? i always have that question in my head can you help me out? My dad say's it ...
  A: Christina, thanks for writing! Although a little hard to imagine, the universe is believed by ...
Space 20131/24/2008
  Q: my name is Rebecca and am looking for someone who is a passionate space follower who could possibly ...
  A: Rebecca. Most all space exploration out to 2013 and beyond is already in the planning stages. In ...
science1/15/2008
  Q: would a space probe to the suns surface be useful? explain.
  A: Nancy, thanks for writing. The sun is a sphere of very hot gas and actually has no definite surface ...
astroid hitting the earth1/14/2008
  Q: is there any danger of an astroid, in the near future hitting the earth?If it happens is our world ...
  A: Forgot to mention-a lot of the incoming asteroids are sucked up by the gravity of Jupiter before ...
The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project1/10/2008
  Q: We are doing a research project for National History Day. Our district competition for Kansas is ...
  A: Lindsay and Anna-thanks for writing! The Apollo-Soyuz was the first space project joining the ...
space1/6/2008
  Q: Iread that the earth is surrounded by three galaxies and that the north part is open and that is ...
  A: Actually, a galaxy is what we live in, and it is far larger than the area where the shuttle orbits. ...
spaceship speed1/1/2008
  Q: I am trying to discover a new solar system for a project and, I was wondering, should I travel in a ...
  A: Alex, thanks for writing. Actually a rocket and a spaceship is the same thing, except a rocket is a ...
spaceship speed1/1/2008
  Q: I was wondering, if I was going to find a new solar system should I take a rocket or spaceship? ...
  A: Alex, thanks for writing. Actually a rocket and a spaceship is the same thing, except a rocket is a ...
orbits12/31/2007
  Q: If an object in high orbit (assume zero atmospheric drag) slowly and constantly had mass added to it ...
  A: If mass was added, the object would slow down and move toward the earth. However, it would be a ...
Space10/22/2007
  Q: How far has our study in the solar system gone to?
  A: Exploration in the solar system has gone, if you are referring to distance from earth, to the ...
Gravitation - Weak force ?10/15/2007
  Q: I have a doubt in rocket propulsion. I have studied and heared that earth's gravity is a weak force ...
  A: Mohan, thanks for writing. Gravity is an extremely weak force when you consider it takes the ...
The Pro's and Con's of space exploration10/14/2007
  Q: Do you know some of the Pro's and Con's of Space Exploration? Like Money or the expanding of human ...
  A: A Few Pros: 1. the technology behind thousands of common devices were developed out of needs of the ...
Sun slingshot10/12/2007
  Q: I've seen a few space missions that use the gravitational pull of the sun as a means by which a ...
  A: Usually it is a planet that is used as a slingshot to another planet, but repeated flybys of a ...
Dark Matter Existance10/10/2007
  Q: I am a total layman to astro-physics and cosmology but ive always been interested and read lots of ...
  A: Yes, the dead stars (including black holes), dead planets, etc. can affect the total mass makeup. ...
astro-fest9/26/2007
  Q: sir, we are students of IT-BHU, India and our college is going to conduct an astronomy fest ...
  A: 1) I am not aware at this point of any. 2) a few ideas: an astronaut to speak (I think there are ...
Galaxy rotation9/15/2007
  Q: Would the thousands/millions of black holes in our galaxy and the supermassive one at the centre ...
  A: I am not sure what you mean by "winding up". If you are referring to the spiral arms, they do ...
Shuttle Re-entry9/13/2007
  Q: Why do space crafts burn up on re-entry? I heard its to do with the high speed they reenter the ...
  A: Neil, thanks for writing. It is due to the friction of the high speed it runs into the air upon ...
Gas giants9/12/2007
  Q: If it's really cold on Gas giants then is it possible that the planet can freeze and we can land a ...
  A: The gases in the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen, ...
Can we see ourselves in space?9/4/2007
  Q: Lets say I travel in space to a distant planet. It takes me 5 light years to reach there so the ...
  A: Daniel, thanks for writing. To look back at the earth and see yourself in the past, you would have ...
man on moon9/2/2007
  Q: I see today Russia, china, India have all said they hope to have a man on moon by 2020 or so, my ...
  A: Steve, thanks for writing. I am not sure I know the complete answer to your question, but I have a ...
space shuttle8/17/2007
  Q: The velocity variations of a space shuttle from launch to land.
  A: The shuttle goes from 0 at the launch pad to orbital speed (about 5 miles a second) in 9 short ...
Space shuttle7/11/2007
  Q: What would the speed of the space shuttle be if it was flying at the altitude of a commercial ...
  A: It would depend on what the shuttle is doing. If it is about that height, preparing for a landing, ...
life without water7/10/2007
  Q: you know i may be naive but why is it that we search for water to try and find signs of life on ...
  A: Water is used as a solvent in the cells of life as we know it, with suitable chemical properties ...
asking Questions7/10/2007
  Q: 1.How will the space and planets appear when observed from Moon? 2.How will the space appear when ...
  A: 1/3. At a few hundred miles altitude, such as the shuttle, ISS (around 220 miles), Hubble Space ...
asking Questions7/9/2007
  Q: 1.How will the space and planets appear when observed from Moon? 2.How will the space appear when ...
  A: 1. The sky is darker (and black in daytime, due to almost no atmosphere). The stars and planets are ...
spacecraft7/8/2007
  Q: There is danger when the spacecraft enter the earth atmosphere and get extremely hot b'coz of the ...
  A: You're right. I was just referring to the energy to get the spacecraft itself into orbit (and ...
spacecraft7/7/2007
  Q: There is danger when the spacecraft enter the earth atmosphere and get extremely hot b'coz of the ...
  A: The amount of energy required to bring the shuttle or any other craft to a stop is the same as the ...
spaceflight7/6/2007
  Q: Why does it take two days for a spaceship to reach the ISS?
  A: One might think that the shuttle could simply get into orbit (in about 9 minutes) and immediately ...
asking Questions7/3/2007
  Q: 1.What are the instruments taken to the moon by satellites to view the outer space? 2.Can we view ...
  A: 1. most instruments taken to the moon are for moon studies. When we are back on the surface, ...
Antigravity drive7/3/2007
  Q: Lets assume that Antigravity drive has been built successfully. Theoritically, this antigravity ...
  A: First, we are a long way from antigravity. Second, there is gravity everywhere-we have the ...
Space station potential amplitude6/12/2007
  Q: I have read that the magnitude of a full moon is a bit below -12. What is the highest potential ...
  A: It gets about as bright as -1 magnitude. Although not as bright as Venus (around -4), it is quite ...
MOVEMENT5/20/2007
  Q: IF THERE IS NO BASE IN SPACE HOW MOVEMENT POSSIBLE IN SPACE?SIR,IN NORMAL CASE IT IS POSSIBLE TO ...
  A: Usually movement is done by pushing or pulling against another object (such as a wall or some ...
50-cent wire5/7/2007
  Q: what is a 50-cent wire, and could you explain to me about how one of those would break down, and ...
  A: I was just mentioning that the wire that shorted out in the Apollo 13 explosion cost 50 cents, ...
Moon Missions5/6/2007
  Q: Can you tell me some problems that occur during space travel to the moon, and some that are fixible ...
  A: Sarah, thanks for writing! That question would literally take several large books to answer, seeing ...
space craft4/26/2007
  Q: can we use nuclear powered ships for exploring space? detail
  A: The technology is available for nuclear fission, and tests are planned, I believe, for feasability, ...
question4/6/2007
  Q: can an Indian be a member of NASA'S mission which is targeting to send humans to moon?
  A: I am not aware of any requirements as far as ethnicity/nationality when it comes to the space ...
science3/30/2007
  Q: how many days does it take for the earth to spin on it's axis
  A: The day on a planet is defined by its rotation period, so it takes 1 day (24 hours) for the earth to ...
Earht-Moon Time3/29/2007
  Q: I am curious about how long, from take-off to landing, it would take a crew to go from the surface ...
  A: The earth-moon time depends on the speed the rocket is going. The 7 Apollo crews went the distance ...
mach1/19/2007
  Q: what is the speed of mach 1.
  A: Mach 1 is the speed of sound. In 68 degrees F. dry air, it is 770 miles per hour. It depends on ...
Rocket escaping gravity12/20/2006
  Q: what are the ingredients that make the engine thrust?What are some of the physics(atoms,force) in ...
  A: The thrust is made of fuel and an oxydizing agent. The fuel can be kerosene (Apollo), a solid fuel ...
Rocket escaping gravity12/19/2006
  Q: What are some of the physics(atoms,force) in simple terms behind a rocket escaping gravity? In other ...
  A: We use the Newton law of motion that a force (engine thrust) in one direction causing a force ...
expansion & cooling12/11/2006
  Q: If heat is defined as "energy in transit", and everything in the universe is accelerating, why it it ...
  A: The universe is getting cooler since the constant heat is spread over an increasingly larger area. ...
people in space11/29/2006
  Q: but when the astronaut moves around and pushes himself from one place to another then he should ...
  A: Question 1-right. For that reason, the astronauts have to either be tied to the spacecraft with a ...
people in space11/29/2006
  Q: How come that the astronautes that go up in space, and the shuttle goes around the world in every 90 ...
  A: If you travel real fast, and something else (such as the air) doesn't, then you can be pushed away ...
Speed to escape gravity on Earth11/21/2006
  Q: I recently read that the ~ speed to escape gravity from the surface of the earth is 11 km/s but I'm ...
  A: First, no matter how long you propel a rocket below escape velocity, it will eventually fall. At ...
Space11/20/2006
  Q: How cold is it in space?
  A: It all depends on where you are. In earth orbit (or on the moon), the sunlit side is about 250 ...
galaxys11/8/2006
  Q: hey man so i foudn out that there are like thousands of galaxys now has NASA ever went to one or ...
  A: Even the nearest galaxy (Andromeda M31) is so far away that at the speed of light (to the MOON in a ...
enviromental impacts11/7/2006
  Q: What are the negative impacts that space exploration has on our enviroment?
  A: Answer-little or none. For about 8 minutes per launch, there is some rocket exhaust (some is ...
aircraft/spacecraft9/20/2006
  Q: How long before we produce an aircraft that lifts off by traditional means but transcends ...
  A: The technology is there, but, I'd assume for reasons for economy/speed/etc., the rocket ascent is ...
???9/14/2006
  Q: I am 39 years old next month and I know very little about space, and propulsion and so on – but I am ...
  A: 1. Nobody knows, but most astronomers believe there is some intelligence out there, with our Sun ...
plasma energy9/14/2006
  Q: possgvrf1ible application for spacecraft propulsion. how many years distant. also, worm holes, if ...
  A: Worm holes will probably be proven by theory in 10 years or so. The potential for travel is ...
rocket speed to escape gravity9/7/2006
  Q: What is the necessary speed for a rocket/shuttle to escape earth's gravity?
  A: To escape earth to get into orbit, about 17,000 miles per hour (at the altitude of the shuttle, ...
mars exploration9/4/2006
  Q: sir, can i know the totsl number of space probes sent to mars?? please mention the names of the ...
  A: A website, http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/log/ has all the past and current probes, dates, and ...
science8/3/2006
  Q: what is black hole and comets
  A: A black hole is when a larger star (about 8 times the weight of the sun, or 8 million times that of ...
Anti-Gravity aircrafts7/16/2006
  Q: When i was browsing about the future of space aircrafts, i came across this Anti-gravity aircrafts. ...
  A: To my knowledge, there is currently no anti-gravity in current experiments, although perhaps in some ...
scope of computer science in this field7/4/2006
  Q: ya i m asking that since i am an engineering student .what else i should do to enter this field. i ...
  A: This is a bit out of my field, but to learn more about the space program (and there should be links ...
space shuttle speed5/18/2006
  Q: what is the average speed of the space shuttle traveling from the earth to the moon?
  A: First, the space shuttle is not designed or is able to go to the moon. It travels around the earth ...
centripetal force5/7/2006
  Q: in fact, you believes then, we cannot explain to himself alone only speculate in favor of that: ...
  A: Yes, this is strange. Something quite catastrophic obviously happened in the past. In the early ...
centripetal force5/5/2006
  Q: if centripetal force = mv^2 / r, where m = mass, v = velocity and r = radius -how we can explain ...
  A: I believe, if I remember correctly, some theories about some mass hitting Venus and causing it to ...
formation of solar system3/30/2006
  Q: How did the solar system form?
  A: Scientists think that a previous star (or 2) blew up (supernova) and provided our area with the ...
supernova3/22/2006
  Q: Can you explain what a supernova is and if one will occur on earth in the near future?
  A: A supernova is when a large star (about 8 or more times the mass of the Sun) runs out of fuel and ...
manned flight to mars3/1/2006
  Q: With our current technology how long would it take to get to mars, from the closest position mars ...
  A: There are a lot of variables to answering that question, including the trajectory (path chosen), ...
project for school2/20/2006
  Q: These questions are for a school project 1)What is your typical day like? 2)Of all the things that ...
  A: Jacob-thanks for writing! I'm actually not a salaried employee of the space program. I'm an ...
Space Exploration2/15/2006
  Q: What are the risks of Space Exploration?
  A: Alex, thanks for writing! The main risks of space exploration are the liftoff and reentry/landing. ...
thrusters in space1/29/2006
  Q: How do thrusters work in the vacuum of space when there is no air to push against..every action has ...
  A: Yes, that equal and opposite reaction law of Newton's is why. If you have thrust in one direction, ...
aging in outer space1/10/2006
  Q: my son and i have searched the net and cant find a difinitive anwser to the question 'do you age ...
  A: Being away from the earth doesn't affect aging, but, according to Einstein's theory of relativity, ...
Space travel1/2/2006
  Q: ’m currently involved in a “discussionâ€? with a friend. If you folks could help us out, it ...
  A: Yes, your figures are fairly correct. At 95% light speed, the nearest star, Alpha Centauri (4.3 ...
space suits12/20/2005
  Q: why are they white and not another colour??
  A: I am not sure, but I would figure it would have something to do with the fact that, in orbit or on ...
In Future Astroids are going to hit us???12/18/2005
  Q: Is it ture that Astroids are going to hit us in future and they are going to bring a Global ...
  A: Faraz, thanks for writing! Yes, it is just a matter of time that a rock (asteroid) or ice block ...
Angles12/9/2005
  Q: What is the difference between the length of the solar day and the sidereal day? and how can we find ...
  A: Jeff, thanks for writing. The sideral day is 4 minutes shorter than the 24 hour solar day, due to ...
space travel12/4/2005
  Q: What is a light year
  A: Joel, thanks for writing! A light-year is the distance that light travels in a year--almost ...
Items starting with q's11/20/2005
  Q: What space exploration topics start with a "q" ? (e.g., rockets, flights, etc.)
  A: Marsha-thanks for writing. Try quasar, quadrant, Quadrantids, quantum (efficiency, mechanics, ...
Presentation Help11/2/2005
  Q: I don't know if you can help me or not but this was hte best catgory I could find. Recently I did a ...
  A: If you have a printer with your computer, there are photos of Mars at various NASA websites, ...
Moon10/25/2005
  Q: Does the moon rotate on it's own axis?
  A: Cullen-thanks for writing! Yes, the moon rotates on its axis at the same rate as its revolution ...
How many are still alive10/4/2005
  Q: Of all the members of the various United States space missions Mercury, Gemini and Apollo how many ...
  A: I was unable to find directly a list of ones living and deceased of the 3 programs, but if you will ...
astronomy9/17/2005
  Q: can you go over this possible outlien please?/ You are driving in your car down a dark road late ...
  A: I believe this second one is the same? One more thing-the meteorite was confirmed to be from Mars ...
astronomy9/17/2005
  Q: can you go over this for me and make changes and add to it please? thanks! Possible essay outline ...
  A: A few things you could also mention include the sighting of canals on Mars by Shaperelli (sp?) and ...
astronomy9/17/2005
  Q: --thank you so much! Can you please add more to it?HI expert! I'm doing a beginners course on ...
  A: OK-current research in finding alien life: 1. studying extremophiles on earth-where life is on earth ...
astronomy9/16/2005
  Q: I'm doing a beginners course on astronomy and I was wondering if you know some information about ...
  A: This is an essay that the world's leading astronomers would also like to write! As of now, there is ...
space physics9/11/2005
  Q: i came to know by some news papers that the Universe is expanding in it's way. my question is IF ...
  A: Everything in the sky, except for the planets/sun/moon, is so far away that their motions are not ...
HST & UV astronomy & STIS9/8/2005
  Q: Could you please help me with this? I have heard that Hubble works simultaneously with other scopes ...
  A: Leila! Yes, a lot of objects get observed from various viewpoints and frequencies by coordinating ...
Hubble Space Telescope9/4/2005
  Q: I thought it might be good if I post my question here as well as mail! So could please help me with ...
  A: One more thing-there is more light up there (some is lost through several miles of air) and we are ...
Hubble Space Telescope8/29/2005
  Q: I am an astronomy student studying at Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Aus. I am doing ...
  A: Greetings from Northeast Arkansas, USA. I have a cousin who used to live in Alice Springs, ...
Shuttle Re-entry8/19/2005
  Q: Why cant the shuttle go slow through the atmosphere therefore not creating the intense heat and ...
  A: The shuttle has to enter the atmosphere at a certain angle, with little room for error. If it ...
space exploration8/14/2005
  Q: How are astronauts able to reference their position since they aren't able to use north, south, ...
  A: The ISS and the shuttle would, I'm sure, have a display showing their position on the earth. It is ...
space shuttle speed8/9/2005
  Q: When the shuttle is orbiting say 17,000 miles per hour around the earth is the shuttle actually ...
  A: The 17,500 MPH the shuttle is traveling (approximate-depends on altitude)is in relation to the ...
Space Shuttle reentry8/8/2005
  Q: I am 8 years old and live in Fresno, CA. I am wondering if I will be able to see the space shuttle ...
  A: again! It looks as if they may land in Calfornia. The shuttle will move from Southwest to ...
Space7/30/2005
  Q: 1...What does the universe look like beyond the limits to our visible universe? Answer - Hi, ...
  A: This is a very complicated question. It would depend on 1. where you are at, and 2. what type of ...
common housefly in zero gravity7/29/2005
  Q: what would happen to a common housefly if released in a zero gravity environment? Could it fly? ...
  A: I'm sure that experiment has been done and insects have been carried into space (I believe some have ...
external fuel tank7/28/2005
  Q: I was just wondering where does the external fuel tank go after it separates from the space shuttle ...
  A: After liftoff, the solid rocket boosters parachute to the ocean, where they are recovered and reused ...
Shuttle orbits7/26/2005
  Q: Why does the shuttle need 2 days in orbit before it reaches the space station ? Why not go directly ...
  A: One of the requirements of the Columbia accident investigation is to both launch and dock in ...
Space physics7/16/2005
  Q: is elastic still elastic in space? I know I could lift a thousand pounds as if it were nothing in a ...
  A: Elasticity is in the molecular structure/behavior of the substance. Therefore, an elastic substance ...
space navigation7/7/2005
  Q: the deep space probe was an awesome spectacle and a testament to the people who designed and built ...
  A: On the spacecraft are sensors that are locked on certain navigational stars. This keeps the ...
outer space7/5/2005
  Q: Is there enough natural light for a person to read a book on the moon,whilst outside the space ...
  A: Moon/shuttle: certainly-it's brighter than on the earth (about the same sun distance, but no air. I ...
Questions on NASA crew and the earth's sky6/29/2005
  Q: It's interesting that you mentioned about wormholes and I'm planning to use something similar like ...
  A: 1. The recent test flight of an ion (plasma) engine has been successful-another slow but long-term ...
space navigation6/27/2005
  Q: Because of the vast distances of space how would a ship accurately navigate his way(from earth)to ...
  A: Let me use the Deep Impact spacecraft, which will hit a comet (Tempel I) this Monday morning, as an ...
Questions on NASA crew and the earth's sky6/27/2005
  Q: I would like to point out that I'm an aspiring science fiction writer and I like my stories to obey ...
  A: A lot of the answers depend on a number of variables, mainly-how far out of the solar system are you ...
Questions on NASA crew and the earth's sky6/26/2005
  Q: The NASA shuttle crew is comprised of seven people and that every position has a specialty. 1) But ...
  A: The positions may vary a bit with flight, but the return to flight crew consists of a Commander ...
When exactly will we see Haley's...5/23/2005
  Q: When exactly will we see Haley's Comet in Egypt,in Cairo
  A: Halley's Comet travels around the sun in 76 years, so the next time it is visible will be in 2081 or ...
Mars5/19/2005
  Q: Is Mars livable and could it be some day?
  A: I spoke to Steve Squires, the head scientist for the Mars Rovers, a few weeks ago by phone. The ...
Final orbit of Cassini5/7/2005
  Q: Renshaw: I went through the usual channels in asking this question. No one at NASA has time to ...
  A: The four year, 74 orbit mission of the Cassini is simply the time the primary mission is funded. ...
the suface og Saturn5/2/2005
  Q: i am a grade 6er, i wounder what does the surface of saturn look like, and made out of? thank you
  A: Saturn actually doesn't have a surface. It is a gas planet. It is made of gas; and the further you ...
Equations of Motion in Space4/28/2005
  Q: If a rocket breaks free from the Earth's gravitational field by attaining the necessary escape ...
  A: It has been a long time since I had these formulas--I assume that v is velocity, a is acceleration, ...
Where?4/26/2005
  Q: I understand our milky way galaxy is part of a "local cluster" of galaxies. I also understand our ...
  A: Yes, those are the 2 Voyager spacecraft. The universe is so vast that, even at several miles per ...
have you ever been in space? if...4/19/2005
  Q: have you ever been in space? if you have tell me all about it. if have't please give me a persons ...
  A: No, (unfortunately) I have never been in space. I understand that there is nothing quite like it ...
JPL occupation3/20/2005
  Q: I have wanted to get a job at JPL for a long time, But I have some questions about it. I am still ...
  A: As I am a JPL/NASA volunteer, not an employee, I can only give general suggestions. Take all the ...
Space travel2/15/2005
  Q: Hypothetical question, if a space ship travelling at the speed of light switched on its headlights, ...
  A: This may defy any logic, but according to Einstein's special theory of relativity, no matter what ...
planet.12/23/2004
  Q: WHAT IS THE NEW PLANET.
  A: Not sure what you are talking about-could you explain? There are almost constantly new planets ...
space sheep accidents12/7/2004
  Q: I wonder what happened to an astronaut that detached from the space sheep, while he walks out of ...
  A: You and the movies are more correct-he would just float out and away from the spacecraft. At ...
Spacesuits11/11/2004
  Q: and there are some specific questions I'd like to ask about spacesuits. How does one put on a ...
  A: I'm not an expert on suits, and suits come in quite a variety, depending on function. I believe a ...
big bang theory10/8/2004
  Q: sir, is the big bang theory true? if is plz give me a proof.. is there any theory ...
  A: Noone, of course, has any absolute proof of an event about 14 billion years ago. Personally, I ...
Travel Distance10/5/2004
  Q: in light of a SciFi story I'm working on, I was wondering how long it would take for a spacecraft ...
  A: It depends on the size and conspicuousness of the civilization. A small group could conceivably ...
Achieving orbit.10/3/2004
  Q: I am following the SpaceshipOne exploits with a good deal of interest.One question I would like an ...
  A: I am not that familiar with the capabilities of the private craft, but I believe it is just designed ...
Nuclear power in space10/2/2004
  Q: Im not a very smart person. Can you explain in laymans terms, why nobody has nuclear powered ...
  A: First of all, you are very smart-that's a good question. In a way, we do have nuclear powered ...
Space travel9/29/2004
  Q: Do you think that you could weld a space ship out of metal, and put a capsule in it to where the ...
  A: I am not exactly sure what you mean by capturing electricity by this means (perhaps getting some ...
SPACE SHUTTLE MOVE9/27/2004
  Q: ------------------------- Followup To thanx for the detailanswer but still i have to understand ...
  A: When a rocket fires (to change direction or speed while in orbit, to get to orbit, or any other ...
SPACE SHUTTLE MOVE9/24/2004
  Q: PLEASE TELL ME HOW SPACE CRAFTS MOV IN THE SPACE BECAUSE THERE IS NO AIR OR ANY OTHER MEDIA ...
  A: One of Newton's laws (I forgot which) state that with an action, there is an opposite and equal ...
Black Holes9/7/2004
  Q: Im a 16 year old high school student who loves philohosphy, and physics with a great passion. As I ...
  A: Time and space travel with black holes is only theoretical at this point, with no way with current ...
Daark matter9/4/2004
  Q: Does dark matter only surrond the earth ?
  A: Dark matter is something that is found throughout the entire universe. There is probably little in ...
The Cassini Mission8/22/2004
  Q: Has The Cassini Mission launched in 1997 reached Saturn and do you have any good interrnet sources ...
  A: Rob-thanks for writing. Yes, Cassini reached Saturn July 1 of this year, passed through the rings ...
Light year8/12/2004
  Q: If a spaceship could travel at the speed of light, how long would it take to reach a star 8 light ...
  A: A light-year is the distance light travels in a year (almost 6 TRILLION miles. The moon is only ...

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